Bonin Islands

Figure 9.35 shows a typical set of mass size distributions for total suspended particles (TSP), Na, Cl, Al, V, NO-, S04, and NH4 at Chichi in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, about 1000 km southeast of the main island of Japan (Yoshizumi and Asakuno, 1986). As expected for a marine site such as this, Na and Cl from sea salt predominate, and both the TSP and Na and Cl components peak in the coarse particle range. Al is also found primarily in the larger particles and is attributed to a contribution from soil dust. On the other hand, vanadium, non-sea salt sulfate (nss-S04 ), and ammonium are primarily in the fine particles. The vanadium levels are extremely low and likely reflect long-range transport of an air mass containing the products of combustion of fuel oil, which contains V because it is likely associated with a combustion source, it would be expected in the fine particle mode, consistent with Fig. 9.35. 

Yoshizumi, K., and K. Asakuno, Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols in Chichi of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Atmos. Environ., 20, 151-155 (1986). 

Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Philippines, the Ryuku and Bonin islands and south of Japan. There is also a string of precious red and pink coral beds northwest of Hawaii and off the Cape Verde islands in the Atlantic Ocean off west Africa. A submersible vessel, the Star II, operated by Maui Divers of Hawaii, Ltd., is used io harvest pink coral (CoraUium secundum) from the Makapuu bed. State regulations permit the collection of only 4400 pounds (1996 kilograms) within a 2-year period. 

The high degree of effectiveness of the oriental fruit fly male annihilation technique in reducing the number of flies in the Bonin Islands to near extermination levels has provided assurance that use of this lure in areas in California where three oriental fruit flies were... 

Dobson et al. (1995) measured water contents in melt inclusions in pyroxenes in boninites from the Bonin Islands. These melt inclusions contained 2.8-3.2 wt.% H2O, whereas quenched glass from pillow lava rims had 2.2-2.4wt.% H2O, which Dobson et al. interpreted as a result of degassing between the time of entrapment of the melt inclusions and the eruption on the seafloor. They also measured the water content of the orthopyroxene, which contained 80-120 ppm H2O. 

In the Sophora genus, specimens of S. tomentosa collected in April in the Bonin Islands (Japan) contain in their aerial parts A-acetylcytisine, baptifoline, anagyrine, matrine iV-oxide (oxymatrine), matrine, A-methylcytisine, and cytisine. The first four of these alkaloids had not previously been observed in this species Cambie had noted the presence of the last three bases only, together with one unidentified base. The alkaloid content of the seeds of S. denudata Bory (the small tamarind), a shrub found at 1600—2500 m on the island of Reunion, appears to be somewhat similar cytisine and matrine A-oxide,... 

Oguri, E., Yamaguchi, T., Shimamura, M., Tsubota, H., Deguchi, FI. (2008). Phylogenetic and morphological reevaluation of Leucobryum boninense (Leucobryaceae), endemic to the Bonin Islands. The Bryologist III, 260-270. 

Recently, several submarine hydrothermal sites have been discovered from the seafloor of back-arc depression zones and volcanic fronts near the Japanese Islands (Okinawa Trough and Izu-Bonin) (Fig. 2.29). The studies on these areas are described below. 

Kawate S. and Arima M. (1998) Petrogenesis of the Tanzawa plutonic complex, central Japan exposed felsic middle crust of the Izu—Bonin-Mariana arc. The Island Arc 7, 342-358. 

Usui, A. and Glasby, GP, 1998. Submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc An overview. The Island Arc, 7 422-431. 

Submarine hydrothermal manganese deposits from the Ogasawara (Bonin) Arc, off the Japanese islands. Marine Geology, 73 311-322. 

Czeczuga B, Harada H, Smith CW (1997) Carotenoids in some Lichens from Hawaiian, Ogasawara (Bonin) and Mariana Islands (Pacific). J Hattori Bot Lab 80 263... 

Dr. Ivan M. Johnston of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University described San Jos as follows "The forests of San Jose most resemble in important details large areas of forest in Burma, Siam, Indo-China, Malaya, the Philippines and Formosa, and the woodland is similar to that of the Bonin and Luchu Islands." San Jose Proj Miscellaneous Rpt, Forest Types of San Jos6 Compared With Those of Southwestern Pacific and Southeastern Asia, 8 Dec 44, in Tech Lib, ACmlC, Md. 

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