Cancers fumonisins

Fusarium moniliforme sya verticillioides causes the so-called ear rot disease in maize and produces fumonisin B, (IB,), one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in the food supply chain worldwide (Steyn, 1995). FBi can inhibit lipid formation, particularly in the liver. Fumonisins have been detected and investigated only relatively recently. Several structurally related forms of fumonisins (FBS) have been associated with human cancer (e.g. FB with oesophageal cancer) as well as with a host of problems in livestock fed with FB -contaminated feed (D Mello, 2003 Benbrook, 2005). 

Yoshizawa, T., Yamashita, A. and Luo, Y., Fumonisin occurrence on corn from high-risk and low-risk areas for human esophageal cancer in China, Appl. Env. 

International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) (1993). Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme Fumonisins Bi and Bz and Fusarin C. In "lARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Some Naturally Occurring Substances Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromaotic Amines and Mycotoxins," vol. 56, pp. 445 66. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 

Chu, F. S. and Li, G. Y. (1994). Simultaneous occurrence of fumonisin B1 and other mycotox-ins in moldy corn collected from the People s Republic of China in regions with high incidences of esophageal cancer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60(3), 847-852. 

Gelderblom, W. C., Jaskiewicz, K., Marasas, W. F., Thiel, P. G., Horak, R. M., Vleggaar, R., and Kriek, N. P. (1988). Fumonisins - Novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(7), 1806-1811. 

Zhang RF, Chen CS, Yu L, Sun HL, Fu CG, Xu HD Aspergillus versicolor and sterigmatocystin might be related to genesis of gastric cancer. Abstract 7th Int Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC), International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Phytotoxins, Tokyo 1988. Dutton MF Fumonisins, mycotoxins of increasing importance Their nature and their effects. Pharmacol Ther 1996 70 137-161. 

Gelderblom WCA, Jaskiewicz K, Marasas WFO, Thiel PG, Horak RM, Vleggar R, Krek NPJ Fumonisins-novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium monili-forme, Appl Environ Microbiol 1988 54 1806-1811. 

Gelderblom WC, Semple AE, Marasas WFO, Farber E The cancer-initiating potential of the fumonisin B mycotoxins. Carcinogenesis 1992 13 433-437. 

Gelderblom WCA, Cawood ME, Snyman SD, Marasas WFO Fumonisin Bj dosimetry in relation to cancer initiation in rat liver. Carcinogenesis 1994 15 209-214. 

Norred WP, Voss KA Toxicity and role of fumonisins in animal diseases and human esophageal cancer. J Food Prot 1994 57 522-527. 

Fusarium species produce various other toxic metabolites. Fusarin C (9.10) is a mutagenic metabolite of F. monoliforme. The fumonisins, e.g. 9.11, are another group of mycotoxins that have been isolated from this fungus. They have been associated with a high incidence of esophageal cancer and several animal diseases. The simple molecule monoliformin (9.12) is also a toxin. 

Fungi produce a number of inhibitors of CerS. The most studied are the fumonisins, which are produced by Fusarium verticillioides, a common contaminant of com. Fumonisins were first discovered in a search for the causal factor(s) for human esophageal cancer in the Transkei region of South Africa and two diseases encountered in agricultural animals that eat contaminated food (W.F.O. Marasas, 2001). They were subsequently found to have many pathological effects liver and kidney toxicity, renal cancer, immunosuppression (and in some cases immunostimulation), and birth defects, with the latter being seen not only in studies with experimental models (W.F.O. Marasas,... 

In some regions where com is essential for human nutrition, the occurrence of esophageal carcinoma has been reported, and this has been associated with fumonisin contamination (211). Concerning the AAL-toxins (see previous section), these were found to be associated with human esophageal cancer, equine leukoencephalomalacia, and liver diseases in humans (272). In the laboratory, these compounds have been shown to inhibit sphingolipid synthesis (213) and to cause apoptosis in tomato cells and green monkey kidney cells (214, 215). 

Fumonisins Fusarium Hepatotoxic, cancer G.I. symptoms HPLC-FLD Com... 

Fumonisin Mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum that causes encephalitis and death in eqnines. In humans, it causes cancer and interferes with folic acid metabolism. It is believed to increase the chances of neural tube defects in developing fetuses. 

The fumonisins have been associated with human cancer (32, 77), although the mechanism of carcinogenicity is unknown. FBi was not found to be mutagenic in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and was not genotoxic in DNA repair assays (65). The fumonisins appear to act mainly as tumor promoters. 

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