Cancer related activity

In 2011, the National Toxicology Program [131] pubhshed the results of their study on the effect of a,p-thujone on male and female rats and mice. The aim was to determine the potential toxic and cancer-related activity of thujone. The rats receiving 50 mg/kg died all other rats, which received 25 mg/kg, had seizures. Similar results were obtained dose dependently with mice. Male rats showed high frequency of preputial gland cancer and a slight increase of pheochromocytomas in the adrenal gland, but no increases in cancer were shown in female rats or male and female mice. 

Shibata, S. (2001). Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds. /. Korean Med. Sci. 16(Suppl.), S28-S37. 

The rate of growth of human and experimental cancers is initially quite rapid (exponential) and then slows until a plateau is reached. The decrease in growth rate with increasing tumor size is related both to a decrease in the proportion of cancer cells actively proliferating (termed the growth fraction) and to an increase in the rate of cell loss due to hypoxic necrosis, poor nutrient supply, immunological defense mechanisms, and other processes. 

International classification A23K1/16, A23L1/052, A23L1/308 The invention relates to the use of inulin, oligofructose, or their derivatives as functional ingredients in food, feed, and pharmaceutical composition to prevent mammary carcinogenesis or treat breast cancer. The active ingredients are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of native inulin from chicory or Jerusalem artichoke. 

Shibata S, Fujita M, Itokawa H, Tanaka O. Studies on the constituents of Japanese and Chinese crude drugs. XL Panaxadiol, a sapogenin of Ginseng roots. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1963 1 759. Shibata S. Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2001 16(suppl S) S28-S37. 

Although antitumor activity was found for gallium nitrate in pha.se II clinical trials. " its approved use is for the treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia." It has proved superior to calcitonin and etidronate in this use. The clinical material is the nonahydratc of Ga(NOt)t. 

Gallium nitrate is approved for treating cancer-related hypercalcemia. It showed antitumor activity fur putienb with lymphoma in phase II trials. - Gallium nitrate probably works in hypercalcemia by inhibiting calcium resorption from bone, although the precise mechanism is unknown. Major side effects include hypocalcemia and nephrotoxicity. On continuous infusion, the drug exhibits biphasic elimination with an a half-life of 8.3 to 26 minutes and a half-life of 6.3 to 95 hours. Between 69 and 91% of the dnsc was recovered in the urine. ... 

The progression and growth of ovarian carcinoma are also dependent on chemokine-mediated angiogenesis. In one study, the in vitro production of CXCL8 by five human ovarian cancer lines correlated with tumor neovascularization and cancer-related death when implanted into the peritoneum of immunocompromised mice, whereas VEGF production correlated only with ascites production after implantation, but basic FGF did not correlate with the outcome [70]. This concept was further substantiated in patients with ovarian cancer where ascites fluid angiogenic activity directly correlated to CXCL8 [71]. 

BIOACTIYE SAPONINS WITH CANCER RELATED AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY RECENT DEVELOPMENTS... 

Cancer-related and immunomodulating activities are among the most studied pharmacological properties of saponins in the last years. Several purified saponins extracted from plants were shown to be cytotoxic against a large panel of cancer cells and the efficiency of the antitumor compounds... 

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