Camphor wood

From 15.8 kilos of the wood of Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Meissn., the Martaban camphor wood, known in Java as Selasian wood, 124 c.c. of oil were obtained. Schimmel s Report, April 1911, 43). It consists chiefly of safrole, and has the following characters specific gravity 1080, aD -i-l° 22, n22D 1.532 soluble in 2.6 volumes of 90 per cent alcohol. 

Similarly, the bornyl carbocation (2.17) can react with water to give borneol and this can be oxidised to camphor, the characteristic odorant of camphor wood. The isocamphane skeleton is formed by a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the bornyl carbocation. 

Camphor (120) is widespread in nature in both enantiomeric forms. The richest source is the oil of camphor wood Cinnamomum camphora, from which the (+)-enantiomer is extracted commercially (318). It is also an important contributor to the odor of lavender and of herbs, such as sage and rosemary. 

C. is naturally isolated from distilled camphor wood oil (Cinnamomum camphora) or synthetically made from pinene and finds use in artificial - essential oils of the - lavandin family as well as in other fresh, green or herbal perfume types to give lift and freshness. In -+flavors it reinforces minty notes. 

Ordinary commercial camphor is (-i-)-cam phor, from the wood of the camphor tree. Cinnamonum camphora. Camphor is of great technical importance, being used in the manufacture of celluloid and explosives, and for medical purposes, /t is manufactured from pinene through bornyl chloride to camphene, which is either directly oxidized to camphor or is hydrated to isoborneol, which is then oxidized to camphor. A large number of camphor derivatives have been prepared, including halogen, nitro and hydroxy derivatives and sulphonic acids. 

Pine Oil. This oil is obtained by extraction and fractionation or by steam distillation of the wood of Pinuspalustris Mill, and other species. Most of the oil is produced ia the southeastern United States. The composition of the oil depends on the fractions chosen, but the chief constituents are terpene alcohols, mainly terpiaeol. Piae oil finds use as a germicide ia disiafectants and soaps as an ingredient ia iasecticides, deodorants, poHshes, sweepiag compounds, and catde sprays and as raw material for the manufacture of perfumery-grade terpiaeol [8000-41 -7], anethole [104-46-1], fenchone (137), and camphor (35). 

Camphor Manufacture. Camphor is obtained both naturally and synthetically. Natural camphor is obtained from the wood of the camphor tree, Cinnamormum camphora which grows ia China and Japan. The camphor is isolated by combination of steam distillation, filtration, distillation, and sublimation (169). Natural camphor is the (+)-camphor, whereas synthetic camphor is racemic both products are recognized by the USP. In 1995, the price of synthetic camphor was 7.15/kg (45). In 1992—1993, the total production of synthetic camphor ia India was 3800 t, which is estimated to be about 40% of the world consumption (170). The largest single use (80%) of camphor is for religious purposes ia Asian countries. 

Jamaica. Uuocas (l-ai Wood 2 37 rrfttn t.eavet i. c2 I>nod l-.ICi Dead 1 Crude j- Camphor... 

Cadinene owes its name to its occuiTence in considerable quantity in oil of cade—which, of course, is not a true essential oil, but the product of destructive distillation. It is found in numerous essential oils, including those of patchouli, savin, galbanum, camphor, cedar wood. West Indian santal, juniper, and many others. Cadinene is best prepared as follows —... 

Camphor, Cj HjgO, occurs in the wood of the camphor tree Laurus camphora) as dextro-camphor. This is the ordinary camphor of commerce, known as Japan camphor, whilst the less common laevo-camphor is found in the oil of Matricaria parthenium. Camphor can also be obtained by the oxidation of borneol or isoborneol with nitric acid. Camphor may be prepared from turpentine in numerous ways, and there are many patents existing for its artificial preparation. Artificial camphor, however, does not appear to be able to compete commercially with the natural product. Amongst the methods may be enumerated the following —... 

Birken-holz, n. birch wood, -holzteer, m. birch-(wood) tar. -holzteerseifc, /, birch tar soap, -kampher, m, birch camphor, betulin. -kohle, /, birch charcoal, -rinde, /, birch bark. -liftdaiUil, -61, n. oil of betula, cdl of sweet bircb. -teer, m. tdrch tar. -teerdt, n. birch tar oil. 

The first partially synthetic polymer dates back to 1869, when cellulose (wood pulp) was nitrated (nitrocellulose). The cellulose became ptocessible, and with the further addition of camphor (which acted as a plasticizer), it became a clear, tough, moldable product with the trade name Celluloid. It was widely used at the end of the 19th century in the form of combs, brushes, photographic film, and shirt collars. 

Camphor oil is obtained by steam distillation of the wood of the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. (Lauraceae) growing in China, Taiwan, and Japan. The main constituent of the crude oil is camphor (ca. 50%), which can be separated by crystallization on cooling and subsequent centrifugation. Fractionation of the mother liquor gives two oils ... 

EC Pulver. One of the older Ger sporting proplnts Collodion Cotton 28.0, Guncotton 26.0, Ba K nitrate 38.0, camphor 2.0, wood pulp 4.0, gelatinizer 0.5 moisture 1.5%... 

NAPHTHALENE. [CAS 91-20-3], Naphdialene C10H8, is a white solid with a strong smell is also called mothballs, moth flakes, white tar, and tar camphor. Naphthalene is a natural component of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal it is also formed when natural products such as wood or tobacco are burned. 

According to Ref 2, camphor oil is a col, natural oil with characteristic odor, d 0.870 -1.040, nD 1.465-1.481 at 20° sol in eth, chlf insol in ale its chief constituents are pinene, camphor, cineol, phellandrene, dipentene, safrol eugenol. Derived by distg the wood of the Cinamonum camphora and separating the oil from solid camphor. Used as substitute for turpentine oil in varnishes, cheap soaps, shoe polishes, etc... 

The odor of a freshly crushed mint leaf, like many plant odors, is due to the presence in the plant of volatile C10 and Ci5 compounds, which are called terpenes. Isolation of these substances from the various parts of plants, even from the wood in some cases, by steam distillation or ether extraction gives what are known as essential oils. These are widely used in perfumery, as food flavorings and medicines, and as solvents. Among the typical essential oils are those obtained from cloves, roses, lavender, citronella, eucalyptus, peppermint, camphor, sandalwood, cedar, and turpentine. Such substances are of interest to us here because, as was pointed out by Wallach in 1887 and reemphasized by Ruzicka in 1935, the components of the essential oils can be regarded as derived from isoprene ... 

Camphor oil Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) wood 1-3 camphor (27-45) cineole (4-21) safrole (1-18) soaps... 

Camphor is the main constituent of camphor oil which is obtained from the wood and the leaf of camphor tree,... 

Despite the relatively low percentage content of extractives (Table II), they very often influence wood properties and thus play a role in utilization. Advantages accrue from the presence of colored and volatile extractives which provide esthetic values. Some of the phenolic compounds provide resistance to insect and fungal attack. Other extractives provide useful products. From tall oil, products such as turpentine, rosin and fatty acids are produced. In addition, tannins, camphor, gum arabic, natural rubber and flavonoids are some of the many products from extractives. 

Ci3 Norisoprenoids Vitispirane I 177,192 Camphor, eucalyptus, spice, wood 800... 

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