Caldwell studies

A study of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, using the novel by Ian Cauldwell The rule of four as a starting point. "You ve read The Rule of Four, now read about its source, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. The Rule of Four by Ian Caldwell and Dustin Thomason is a runaway international bestseller, topping the charts on both sides of the Atlantic. But the foundation of The Rule of Four, as all its readers know, is a little-known text from the fifteenth century, the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili. 

Regna and Caldwell [/. Am. Chem. Soe., 66 (246), 1944] have studied the kinetics of the acid-catalyzed transformation of 2-ketopolyhydroxy acids into ascorbic acids and other products. 

Meyer, W.J. and G.H. Hall (1979), Prediction of sulfide generation and corrosion in concrete gravity sewers A case study, J. B. Gilbert Associates, A Division of Brown and Caldwell, Sacramento, CA. 

Caldwell, W.S., Byrd, C.D., DeBethizz, J.D. and Brooks, P.A. (1994). Modem instrumental methods for studying mechanisms of toxicity. In Principles and Methods of Toxicology (Hayes, A.W., Ed.), Raven Press, New York. 

From a study of 6 varieties of tubers from different regions of Asia and grown at two locations (Western Australia and Malaysia), Kortt and Caldwell (70) concluded that,... 

R. S. Tsai, P. A. Carrupt, B. Testa, J. Caldwell, Stmcture-Genotoxicity Relationships of Allylbenzenes and Propenylbenzenes A Quantum Chemical Study , Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1994, 7, 73 - 76. 

Byrd GD, Davis RA, Caldwell WS, Robinson JH, deBethizy JD (1998) A further study of FTC yield and nicotine absorption in smokers. Psychopharmacology 139 291-299 Chaudhri N, Caggiula AR, Donny EC, Palmatier MI, Liu X, Sved AF (2006) Complex interactions between nicotine and nonpharmacological stimuli reveal multiple roles for nicotine in reinforcement. Psychopharmacology 184 353-366 Cone EJ (1995) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cocaine, J Analy Toxicol 19 459 78 Desai RI, Terry P (2003) Evidence of cross-tolerance between behavioural effects of nicotine and cocaine in mice. Psychopharmacology 166 111-119 Desai RI, Barber DJ, Terry P (1999) Asymmetric generalization between the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine and cocaine, Behav Pharmacol 10 647-656... 

Caldwell, D.J. 1999. Review of mononuclear cell leukemia in F-344 rat bioassays and its significance to human cancer risk A case study using alkyl phthalates. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30 45-53. 

Caldwell, J.A., Caldwell, J.L., Smythe, N.K., Hall, K.K. A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the efficacy of modafinil for sustaining the alertness and performance of aviators a helicopter simulator study. Psychophannacology 150, 272-282, 2000. 

Other systems for which the results cannot be explained by energy transfer include the ketone sensitized isomerization of / -methylstyrene, 1,2-dichloro-ethylene and 2-butene studied by Caldwell,147,148 deuterium exchange between acetone-d8 and tetramethylethylene reported by Japar, Pomerantz, and Abrahamson,149 and the acetone sensitized isomerization of 1-methoxy-l-butene examined by Turro and Wriede.71... 

The metabolism of cinnamyl anthranilate in rats and mice has been studied (Keyhanfar Caldwell, 1996). Male Fischer 344 rats and male CD-I mice were given 250 mg/kg bw [3- C] cinnamyl anthranilate by intraperitoneal injection. The majority of the administered C was excreted in the 0-24-h urine (70% of the dose in rats and 78% in mice). A further 10% (rat) and 6% (mouse) was recovered in the 24-72-h urine with 10% (rat) and 7% (mouse) in the 0-72-h faeces. In the rat, the major urinary metabolite was hippuric acid (95% of urinary C), together with much smaller amounts of benzoic acid. However, in mice, the urine contained relatively less hippuric acid ( 80%) and more benzoic acid (16% of urinary i C), together with 2.2% of the dose as unchanged ciimamyl anthranilate. 

In further studies, the effect of intraperitoneal dose size upon the fate of cinnamyl anthranilate in mice was examined over a range of 5-250 mg/kg bw. No intact ester was found in the urine after 5 mg/kg bw, but at 50 mg/kg bw, 3.1 % of the dose was excreted as cinnamyl anthranilate and, at 250 mg/kg, the percentage was 2.2% (Keyhanfar Caldwell, 1996). 

In an earlier study, Caldwell etal. (1985) gave a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg bw to B6C3Fi mice and found 0.3-0.4% of the dose as unchanged cinnamyl anthranilate in the 0-24-h urine, accompanied by 17% as anthranilic acid and 35% as hippuric acid. Cinnamyl anthranilate was detected in the plasma, rapidly declining from peak levels seen at 0.5 h after dosing. The peak levels were some 3.5 times higher in males than in females. 

Tsai, R.S., Carrupt, P.A., Testa, B. and Caldwell, J. (1994) Structure-genotoxicity relationships of allylbenzenes and propenylbenzenes a quantum chemical study. Chem. Res. Toxicol, 7 (1), 73-76. 

Chidgey, M.A.J., Kennedy, J.F. Caldwell, J. (1986) Studies on benzyl acetate. II. Use of specific metabolic inhibitors to define the pathway leading to the fonnation of benzylmercap-turic acid in the rat. Food chem. Toxicol., 24, 1267-1272... 

Caldwell JA, Smythe NK, LeDuc PA, Caldwell JL. Efficacy of Dexedrine for maintaining aviator performance during 64 hours of sustained wakefulness a simulator study. Aviat Space Environ Med 2000 71 7-18. 

Caldwell, D. E. 1995. Cultivation and study of biofilm communities. In Microbial Biofilms (H. Lappin-Scott and J. W. Costerton, Eds.), Plant and Microbial Biotechnology Research Series 5, pp. 64-79. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Studies by Johnston and Roots (1964), Roots (1968) and Kreps (1981) have revealed an increased ratio between the plasmalogenic and diacyl forms of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in oceanic fish from low-temperature waters. During cold adaptation, the ratios between the main phospholipid fractions alter the relative proportion of phosphatidyl choline decrease and phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyelin, all of which contain large amounts of polyenoic acids, increase (Caldwell and Vemberg, 1970 Miller etal, 1976 Wodke, 1978 Hazel, 1979 Brichon et al., 1980 van den Thillart and de Bruin, 1981 Zabelinsky and Shukolyukova, 1989). 

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