Calco

Synthetic Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 1st ed., Vol. 7, pp. 536—547, by P. E. Dreisbach, Calco Chemical Division, American Cyanamid Company "Nonsteroidal Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 2nd ed., VoL 11, pp. 127—141, by R. 1. Dorfman, Syntex Research Division of Syntex Corporation "Nonsteroidal Estrogens" under "Hormones" in ECT 3rd ed., Vol. 12, pp. 658—691, by G. C. Crawley, Imperial Chemical Industries Limited. 

Steiglei, AATCC, Lowell Textile Institute, (Test Methods foi Coloifastness of Textiles, undei Evaluation), and F. C. Dextei, Calco Chemical Division, American Cyanamid Division (Spectiophotomettic Curves, under Evaluation) in ECT2nd ed., Vol. 7, pp. 505—613, by G. M. Gant2 and J. R. Ellis, eds., J. 

Canovas JL, RY Stanier (1967) Regulation of the enzymes of the 3-ketoadipate pathway in Moraxella calco-acetica. Eur J Biochem 1 289-300. 

Ingledew WM, MEF Tresguerres, JL Canovas (1971) Regulation of the enzymes of the hydroaromatic pathway in Acinetobacter calco-aceticus. J Gen Microbiol 68 273-282. 

A severe thrips infestation occurred in 1953 in cacao plantations in the Comal-calco area of the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The trees suffered a nearly total defoliation. Control was reported to have been obtained by applications of aqueous solutions of Deenate 75W (DDT 75%) according to the formula Deenate 150 gram, Spreader Sticker 15 cc., and water 100 liters. Bordeaux mixture and milk of lime have also been reported as giving good control in some localities. 

N. catarrhalis,560 N. perflava,559 Moraxella duplex and Micrococcus calco-aceticus,443 and Escherichia coli,420 Vicari and Kabat,45 in studies of blood-group oligosaccharides, and Hellerqvist and colleagues,53 in an examination of the common core-polysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium, have used similar methods. The examination of amino sugars as their peracetylated aminodeoxyalditols has also been used by Liideritz and colleagues72 to establish the occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose in Salmonella lipopolysaccharides, and has been extended to aminodeoxyheptoses by Williams and Perry.561... 

Originally from near Autun in France, whence the name, it is a secondary mineral associated commonly with uraninite. In the United States, it occurs sparsely in the pegmatites of Connecticut, New Hampshire and North Carolina. Autunite also is known as calco-uranite. See also Uraninite. 

Adult male Wistar rats (Charles River, Calco, Como, Italy) were housed under controlled environmental conditions with ambient temperature of 22 °C, relative humidity of 65%, and 12 h light 12 h dark cycle, with free access to food and water. 

Male Wistar rats (250-300 g Charles River, Calco, Italy) were used. Animals were housed at constant temperature (22 1 °C) and relative humidity (50%) under a regular light-dark schedule (lights on 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.). Food and water were freely available. All experiments were carried out in accordance with the European Community Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC). All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and to use only the number of animals necessary to produce reliable results. 

Average bond length and angle parameters for the homoleptic tris(dithiolene) complexes are less sensitive to the identity of the transition metal or dithiolene ligand than those of bis(dithiolene) structures. Ranges of values are summarized in Fig. 22. Average M—S bond lengths cluster between 2.263 and 2.543 A, with values for two [Fe(mnt)3]2 units (2.263 and 2.269 A) (18), Co CAlCO),, 3... 

SYNS A.F. RED No. 5 AIZEN FOOD RED No. 5 BRASIL. ZINA OIL SCARLET 6G BRILLIANT OIL SCARLET B CALCO OIL SCARLET BL CERES ORANGE RR CERISOL SCARLET G CEROTIN-SCH.YRLACH G C.1.12140 C.I. SOLVENT ORANGE 7... 

Autunite, calco-urcmite, or Ihne-uranite, a hydrated phosphate of... 

King returned to the United States in 1915 and went to work with Thomas A. Edison. When our country entered World War I, he was asked by Bernard Baruch and Charles McDowell to act as chief of the dyes and intermediates section of the War Industries Board. Through this work he became associated with the Calco Chemical Company, where I came to know him. King was closer to the development and manufacture of dyes and intermediates than was Herty. However, they were two valiant knights who fought lustily to protect and develop the American dye industry. 

Since Calco s activities encompassed practically every sector of chemical manufacture involving anilines, commencing with intermediate, dye and explosive manufacture during World War I, it will frequently be used here, through these products, to delineate the rise of important sectors of the modem US organic chemicals industry. After Calco was acquired by American Cyanamid in 1929, new products based on aryl amines were invented (Figure 18). 

Any dyestuff or intermediate so characterized makes you realize that Calco Products— Calco Tartrazine or Calco Aniline Salt, for example—are accepted as standard. 

This is due to the fixed Calco policy, adhered to from the start, of not placing a single Calco product on the market until facilities, both of plant and personnel, assure its manufacture in sufficient quantities to meet every demand without sacrificing uniformly high quality. 

FIGURE 17. Advertisement for Calco Chemical Company, Bound Brook, New Jersey, 1925. Edel-stein Collection... 

FIGURE 18. Calco Chemical Division, American Cyanamid Company, Bound Brook, New Jersey, 1938. This facility was a major manufacturer of aniline and other aromatic amines, and in the 1950s pioneered the large-scale production of aniline by continuous fluid-bed, vapor-phase reduction of nitrobenzene (Catan process). Edelstein Collection... 

In 1927, as a result of the move into the relative complexity of aromatic organic chemistry, initiated by dyestuffs and intermediates, both Calco and DuPont enhanced their research facilities. The creation of a formal Research Department at Calco was the single most important innovation necessary to ensure the smooth integration of additional products and processes. With this, Calco became one of the first American chemical firms to establish dedicated research and development facilities81. DuPont constructed a laboratory complex known as Purity Hall , that inaugurated a fundamental research program82. 

In 1933, the Calco Chemical Company began the manufacture of 97 by reacting aniline, carbon disulfide and sulfur together at elevated pressure (Scheme 31), and late in 1936 introduced mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) (98). Goodyear was the major customer. Zenite ultra-accelerators , incorporating zinc (99), that brought about vulcanization in a few minutes, were introduced by Calco in the late 1930s100. 

The Calco Chemical Division of American Cyanamid, formed in 1939, was synonymous with the industrial production of the triaminotriazine melamine (101), and of the polymeric thermosetting resins that also bear its name. Polymeric melamine is converted by the action of heat or catalysts, or both, into insoluble infusible solids, which are odorless, tasteless and generally inert chemically. 

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