Calcium perchlorate, decomposition

Akerman, L. A. et al., Combustion, Explos., Shockwaves, 1987, 23, 178 Calcium chloride and oxide catalyse the second, violent, stage of ammonium perchlorate decomposition and increase the shock sensitivity of mixtures with sugar. 

Calcium chloride and oxide catalyse the second, violent, stage of ammonium perchlorate decomposition and increase the shock sensitivity of mixtures with sugar. 

If the ratio of the calcium chelate salt to the trihydrated barium salt in a mixture is above 2 1, the thermal decomposition during DTA/TG analysis may be explosive. See other metal perchlorates... 

In a review of the course and mechanism of the catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, the considerable effects of metal oxides in reducing the explosion temperature of the salt are described [1], Solymosi s previous work had shown reductions from 440° to about 270° by dichromium trioxide, to 260° by 10 mol% of cadmium oxide and to 200°C by 0.2% of zinc oxide. The effect of various concentrations of copper chromite , copper oxide, iron oxide and potassium permanganate on the catalysed combustion of the propellant salt was studied [2], Similar studies on the effects of compounds of 11 metals and potassium dichromate in particular, have been reported [3], Presence of calcium carbonate or calcium oxide has a stabilising effect on the salt, either alone or in admixture with polystyrene [4],... 

The use of the perchlorate as desiccant in a drybag where contamination with organic compounds is possible is considered dangerous [1], Magnesium perchlorate ( Anhydrone ) was inadvertently used instead of calcium sulfate (anhydrite) to dry an unstated reaction product before vacuum distillation. The error was realised and all solid was filtered off. Towards the end of the distillation, decomposition and an explosion occurred, possibly owing to the presence of dissolved magnesium perchlorate, or more probably to perchloric acid present as impurity in the salt [2]. 

Explosive reaction with sodium -I-methanol or sodium methoxide + methanol. Mixtures with sodium or potassium are impact-sensitive explosives. Reacts violently with acetone + alkah (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide), Al, disilane, Li, Mg, methanol + alkah, nitrogen tetroxide, perchloric acid + phosphorus pentoxide, potassium-tert-butoxide, sodium methylate, NaK. Incompatible with dinitrogen tetraoxide, fluorine, metals, or trhsopropylphosphine. Nonflammable. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of CT. 

Acids resulting from the decomposition of nitroglycerine may form soluble salts by interaction with calcium carbonate etc. The various salts are estimated by the usual an Vjfrival methods. If perchlorates or othier salts containing chlorine a.s present in conjunction with ammonium sahs it is ik t permissible to remove the ammonium salts by direct healing, as ibis may lead to losses of chlorine. The residue insoluble in water is extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve calcium carbonate, magnesia, zinc oxide and metals. If starch is present it should be hydrolysed by boiling w ith dilute acid. 

There may be simultaneous or preliminary dehydration processes for hydrated salts. Group 1 metal perchlorates, as well as calcium, barium and silver perchlorates [59] are represented by reaction (2.13). Aluminium and iron(IIl) perchlorates are represented by reaction (2.14). The solid product of decomposition of magnesium perchlorate is a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. 

CALCIUM PHOSPHINATE (7789-79-9) Ca(HjPOi)2 Noncombustible solid. Incompatible with strong acids strong reducing agents (may release toxic and flammable phosphine gas) strong oxidizers (partial decomposition may release oxides of phosphorus). Shock- and heat-sensitive mixture formed with potassium chlorate may cause violent reaction or ignition. Thermal decomposition forms flammable phosphine. Mixtures with perchloric acid may form explosive materials when heated. CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (7758-87-4 10103-46-5) Ca3(P04)j... 

DIEXHYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER ACETATE (629-38-9) Combustible liquid (flash point 180°F/98°C). Moisture may cause decomposition with formation of acetic acid. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, permanganates, peroxides, ammonium persulfate, bromine dioxide, calcium chlorate, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and other strong acids. Incompatible with acyl halides, aliphatic amines, alkalis, boranes, isocyanates, nitrates. May form shock-sensitive mixtures with silver, cobalt, chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitromethane, chromium compounds. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Attacks copper, brass, zinc. 

NITROCARBOL (75-52-5) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 95°F/35°C). Thermally unstable. Shock, friction, pressure, or elevated temperature above 599°F/315°C can cause explosive decomposition, especially if confined. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, alkyl metal halides, diethylaluminum bromide, formic acid, methylzinc iodide. Contact with acids, bases, acetone, aluminum powder, amines, bis(2-aminoethyl)amine, haolforms make this material more sensitive to explosion. Reacts, possibly violently, with ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium hypochlorite, 1,2-diaminomethane, formaldehyde, hexamethylbenzene, hydrocarbons, hydroxides, lithium perchlorite, m-methyl aniline, nickel peroxide, nitric acid, metal oxides, potassium hydride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride. Mixtures with ammonia, aniline, diethylenetriamine, metal oxides, methyl amine, morpholine, phosphoric acid, silver nitrate form shock-sensitive compounds. Forms high-explosive compound with urea perchlorate. Mixtures with hydrocarbons and other combustible materials can cause fire and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. 

In polyacrylonitrile appreciable electrostatic forces occur between the dipoles of adjacent nitrile groups on the same polymer molecule. This restricts the bond rotation and leads to a stiff, rodKke structme of the polymer chain. As a result, polyacrylonitrile has a very high crystalline melting point (317°C) and is soluble in only a few solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide, and in concentrated aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, such as calcium thiocyanate, sodium perchlorate, and zinc chloride. Polyacrylonitrile cannot be melt processed because its decomposition temperature is close to the melting point. Fibers are therefore spun from solution by either wet or dry spinning (see Chapter 2). 

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