Calcium corrected

PENTAMIDINE ISETIONATE (INTRAVENOUS) FOSCARNET SODIUM Risk of hypocalcaemia Unclear possibly additive hypocalcaemic effects Use extreme caution with intravenous pentamidine monitor serum calcium (correct before the start of treatment), renal function and signs of tetany closely. Stop one drug if necessaiy... 

Ladenson JH, Lewis JW, Boyd JC. Failure of total calcium corrected for protein, albumin and pH to correctly assess free calcium status. J Chn Endocrinol Metab 1979 46 986-93. 

A complete blood count, chemistry panel (with calcium corrected for albumin), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, PTH concentration, and 24-hour urine for calcium and creatinine are occasionally ordered to determine secondary causes. Measurement of 25(OH) vitamin D is becoming more common. Measurement of TSH, free T4 (thyroxine) and free T3 (triiodothyronine) can be used to rule out hyperthyroidism from endogenous disease or thyroid replacements. 

Calcium. Soil minerals are a main source of calcium for plants, thus nutrient deficiency of this element in plants is rare. Calcium, in the form of pulverized limestone [1317-65-3] or dolomite [17069-72-6] frequendy is appHed to acidic soils to counteract the acidity and thus improve crop growth. Such liming incidentally ensures an adequate supply of available calcium for plant nutrition. Although pH correction is important for agriculture, and liming agents often are sold by fertilizer distributors, this function is not one of fertilizer manufacture. 

The main role of the human thyroid gland is production of thyroid hormones (iodinated amino acids), essential for adequate growth, development, and energy metaboHsm (1 6). Thyroid underfunction is an occurrence that can be treated successfully with thyroid preparations. In addition, the thyroid secretes calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin), a polypeptide that lowers excessively high calcium blood levels. Thyroid hyperfunction, another important clinical entity, can be corrected by treatment with a variety of substances known as antithyroid dmgs. 

Determination of soluble sodium chloride. By entering the graph in Figure 4-109 with the Ib/bbl of calcium chloride at the correct volume percent of water (by retort) line, the maximum amount of soluble sodium chloride can be found. If the sodium chloride content determined in Step 2 is greater than the maximum soluble sodium chloride determined from Figure 4-108, only the soluble portion should be used for calculating the total soluble salts. 

The actual figure is, however, of value only in relation to calcium carbonate content and for calculation of alkali additions for pH corrections. A graphical form is included in the Langelier diagram ... 

Very hard waters are usually not very aggressive provided that they are supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Underground waters with a low pH value and high carbon dioxide content are, however, aggressive unless corrective treatment is applied. 

Zinc phosphate is now probably the most important pigment in anticorrosive paints. The selection of the correct binder for use with these pigments is very important and can dramatically affect their performance. Red lead is likely to accelerate the corrosion of non-ferrous metals, but calcium plumbate is unique in providing adhesion to newly galvanised surfaces in the absence of pretreatment, and is claimed to behave similarly on other metals in this group. 

Note. A better blank is obtained by adding about 0.5 g of calcium carbonate before determining the correction. This gives an inert white precipitate similar to that obtained in the titration of chlorides and materially assists in matching the colour tints. 

Procedure (ii). Make certain that the instrument is fitted with the correct burner for an acetylene-nitrous oxide flame, then set the instrument up with the calcium hollow cathode lamp, select the resonance line of wavelength 422.7 nm, and adjust the gas controls as specified in the instrument manual to give a fuel-rich flame. Take measurements with the blank, and the standard solutions, and with the test solution, all of which contain the ionisation buffer the need, mentioned under procedure (i), for adequate treatment with de-ionised water after each measurement applies with equal force in this case. Plot the calibration graph and ascertain the concentration of the unknown solution. 

Woodruff, R. I., Miller, A. L., and Jaffe, L. F. (1991). Difference in free calcium concentration between oocytes and nurse cells revealed by corrected aequorin luminescence. Biol. Bull. 181 349-350. 

Oral calcium has long been used for the treatment of osteoporosis, both in the form of dietary and pharmacological supplements. In patients with calcium deficiency, oral calcium at doses of 1000-1500 mg/day corrects a negative calcium balance and suppresses PTH secretion. Sufficient calcium intake is most important for the acciual of peak bone mass in the young, but is also considered the basis of most anti-osteoporotic regimens. In the elderly, supplementation with oral calcium and vitamin D reduces the risk of hip fracture by about 30 4-0%. 

The affinity of chelants for particular substrates differs, but copper, chromium, and iron are more attracted than calcium or magnesium. Chelation is also affected by pH levels and other conditions, so it is necessary when formulating BW compounds to ensure that the correct chelant is selected for the particular purpose. 

Glaser and Lichtenstein (G3) measured the liquid residence-time distribution for cocurrent downward flow of gas and liquid in columns of -in., 2-in., and 1-ft diameter packed with porous or nonporous -pg-in. or -in. cylindrical packings. The fluid media were an aqueous calcium chloride solution and air in one series of experiments and kerosene and hydrogen in another. Pulses of radioactive tracer (carbon-12, phosphorous-32, or rubi-dium-86) were injected outside the column, and the effluent concentration measured by Geiger counter. Axial dispersion was characterized by variability (defined as the standard deviation of residence time divided by the average residence time), and corrections for end effects were included in the analysis. The experiments indicate no effect of bed diameter upon variability. For a packed bed of porous particles, variability was found to consist of three components (1) Variability due to bulk flow through the bed... 

One problem with Mendeleev s table was that some elements seemed to be out of place. For example, when argon was isolated, it did not seem to have the correct mass for its location. Its relative atomic mass of 40 is the same as that of calcium, but argon is an inert gas and calcium a reactive metal. Such anomalies led scientists to question the use of relative atomic mass as the basis for organizing the elements. When Henry Moseley examined x-ray spectra of the elements in the early twentieth century, he realized that he could infer the atomic number itself. It was soon discovered that elements fall into the uniformly repeating pattern of the periodic table if they are organized according to atomic number, rather than atomic mass. 

In deriving theoretical values for inter-ionic distances in ionic crystals the sum of the univalent crystal radii for the two ions should be taken, and corrected by means of Equation 13, with z given a value dependent on the ratio of the Coulomb energy of the crystal to that of a univalent sodium chloride type crystal. Thus, for fluorite the sum of the univalent crystal radii of calcium ion and fluoride ion would be used, corrected by Equation 13 with z placed equal to y/2, for the Coulomb energy of the fluorite crystal (per ion) is just twice that of the univalent sodium chloride structure. This procedure leads to the result 1.34 A. (the experimental distance is 1.36 A.). However, usually it is permissible to use the sodium chloride crystal radius for each ion, that is, to put z = 2 for the calcium... 

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