Calcium chloride stock

Materials. Imidazole, benzimidazole, and glucosamine hydrochloride were obtained from the Eastman Kodak Co., and used without further purification, after drying for several days over anhydrous calcium chloride. Stock solutions of nickel nitrate and nickel chloride were analyzed by precipitation with dimethyl-glyoxime. Stock solutions of cadmium nitrate were analyzed gravimetrically by conversion to cadmium sulfate. 

Raw stock is sent to the apparatus in tanks 1 installed in the drafting device (one is shown in the figure). Then it is sent by nitrogen flow to the batch boxes trifluoromonochloropropane to batch box 2, trichlorosilane to batch box 3, ethyl bromide to batch box 4, and dibutyl ether (dehydrated with burnt calcium chloride and filtered) to batch box 5. Before the synthesis begins, working mixtures I and II are prepared in apparatus 6. Mixture I consists of trichlorosilane and ethyl bromide, and mixture II consists of trichlorosilane, dibutyl ether, trifluoromonochloropropane and ethyl bromide. Mixture I is sent to batch box 8, and mixture II is sent to batch box 9. All batch boxes and apparatus 6 have jackets or coils (on their external walls) to be cooled with Freon at -15 - -20°C. 

When the system is stopped to be loaded with raw stock, it receives air with humidity, which breaks down silicon tetrachloride into hydrogen chloride and gel of silicon acid, as well as self-inflammable silanes. Calcium chloride (the melting point is 772 °C, the boiling point is 1600 °C) remains in the chlorinator and combines with pieces of unreacted ferrosilicon to form cinder, which is accumulated in the furnace and loaded off with graphite. 

Raw stock magnesium chipping ethyl bromide (the boiling point is not less than 35 °C, d4° = 1.420- 1.445) diethyl ether (d420 0.714 0.715) benzene (the density is 0.8770-0.8791 g/cm3) tin tetrachloride (anhydrous, the boiling point is 114-115 °C) caprylic acid (the boiling point is 239-240 °C, d420 = 0.9089) potassium hydroxide (technical product). Ethyl bromide, diethyl ether and benzene are dried before use with calcium chloride. 

What volume, in milliliters of 2.00M calcium chloride (CaCl2) stock solution would you use to make 0.50 L of 0.300M calcium chloride solution ... 

Diluting Stock Solutions If you want to know the concentration and volume of the solution you want to prepare, you can calculate the volume of stock solution you will need. What volume, in milliliters, of 2.00M calcium chloride (CaC ) stock solution would you use to make 0.50 L of 0.300M calcium chloride solution ... 

Prepare a stock solution of 10 M calcium chloride or nitrate. By successive dilutions, prepare a series of solutions in the range lO -lO M. Use an aliquot of each solution in a beaker in which the two electrodes are immersed and measure the mV reading when it settles. Plot the readings against [Ca ] and use the standard curve to find the concentration in an unknown solution. 

Stock standard solution, 2000 pg N mh 200 pg P mM, 1600 pg K mb, (400 pg Ca mb ) - omit the Ca if it is unlikely to be required, so as to avoid the precipitation of calcium sulphate in the diluted standards. This combined standard solution can be used for the autoanaiysis of P and K, and also provides a similar matrix to the sample digests. Each reagent should be dried at 102°C for 1 h and cooled in a desiccator before weighing. Dissolve 1.3745 g potassium chloride, 0.4393 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4.7162 g ammonium sulphate, (and 0.5000 g calcium carbonate), in sulphuric acid (approximately 98% m/m H SO ) and make up to 500 ml with sulphuric acid. 

A competing process produces vinyl chloride from acetylene, which also can be derived from petroleum feed stocks but is usually made from calcium carbide. It has been estimated (17) that 45% of current production of vinyl chloride is from ethylene, the remainder from acetylene. 

A stock solution of calcium ions was prepared by dissolving 0.1834g of CaCl2.2H20 in 100 ml of distilled water and then further diluting by a factor of 10. From this new solution, three standard solutions were prepared by further dilutions of five, 10 and 20 times, respectively. The unknown sample is itself diluted 25 times. Sufficient strontium chloride was then introduced to eliminate any interference due to phosphate ions. An analytical blank containing the same concentration of strontium was the first solution to be examined by the air/acetylene flame. The results were as follows ... 

After sterilizing, and adjusting to pH 7.0, 100 ml of the medium was placed in each of several test tubes, 500 ml capacity, and sterilized. Streptomyc carzinostaticus var.neocarzinostaticus strain F-41 was inoculated therein, and fermented with agitation for 24 h at 27°C and then used as the stock culture. Next, an aqueous production culture medium was prepared containing (%) glucose 3.0, peptone 0.5, meat extract 0.5, sodium chloride 0.5, calcium carbonate 0.2. 

The choice of the chlorination technique and equipment for the process greatly depends on the compositon of raw stock for chlorination. For shaft furnaces and fluidised layer apparatuses, it is advisable to chlorinate titanium raw stock with relatively small amounts of oxides of calcium, magnesium, manganese and other metals which form low-melting chlorides in chlorination. On the other hand, in chlorination in salt melt these oxides do not have any significant effect on the process. 

Froth flotation is used to raise the low mineral concentrations in ores to concentrations that can be more economically processed. A concentration of 25-30% is suitable for economical smelting of copper. The froth flotation technique was originally developed in about 1910 to raise the copper concentrations of the strip-mined ores of Bingham Canyon, near Salt Lake City [9], and was further perfected for the differential separation of lead, zinc, and iron sulfides at Trail, B.C., at about the same time [10]. Flotation technologies are now widely used for separations such as the beneficiation of low grade Florida phosphate ores from 30-40% to 60-70% concentrations of calcium phosphate (BPL), and the separation of about 98% potassium chloride from sylvinite, a natural mixture of potassium and sodium chlorides. It is also used for bitumen separation from tar sand, removal of slate from coal, and removal of ink from repulped paper stock preparatory to the manufacture of recycled paper stock. More details of these separations are discussed in the relevant chapters. 

Appendix 6. A or your instrument cookbook and set up the AAS to measure Ca. Prepare 1 L of a stock standard solution of 1000 ppm calcium using calcium phosphate. Prepare 1 L of a 10,000 ppm La standard using lanthanum chloride. Make two sets of calcium working standards. The two sets should have the same concentrations of Ca, but to one set of standards (including the blank), add enough of the La stock solution to make each of these solutions 2000 ppm in La. The La must be added before the Ca standards are made... 

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