Acetylene, vinyl chloride from

It is used in reactions where aq HC1 is not suitable, such as production of vinyl chloride from acetylene or of alkyl chlorides from olefins (Ref 2, p 256 Ref 3, p 588-R)... 

A competing process produces vinyl chloride from acetylene, which also can be derived from petroleum feed stocks but is usually made from calcium carbide. It has been estimated (17) that 45% of current production of vinyl chloride is from ethylene, the remainder from acetylene. 

Use Production of vinyl chloride from acetylene and alkyl chlorides from olefins, hydrochlorination (see rubber hydrochloride), polymerization, isomerization, alkylation, and nitration reactions. 

Hydrogen chloride may be used as a chlorinating agent. It is sometimes employed in such a manner that it adds to the double bond as in the preparation of ethyl chloride from ethylene 75 or in the synthesis of vinyl chloride from acetylene 16. Kainer 48 has surveyed the patents dealing with the preparation of vinyl chloride. A review 21 of the patent literature and the apphcation of the Deacon reaction, which uses hydrogen chloride and air, has also been published. Some of the material on this reaction has been mentioned before 26, 82, 61. ... 

Processes for manufacturing vinyl chloride from acetylene, which, for many years, were the only ones employed, offer the advantage of simplicity. Hence they benefit from lower capital expenditures, but, on the other hand, require the use of a much more expensive hydrocarbon raw material. This explains why they have been supplanted by technologies employing ethylene, and why they enjoyed a revival as the price of crude oil increased, although ethylene produced from gas-field ethane is ultimately the most advantageous economic alternative. 

Joint production of vinyl chloride from acetylene and ethylene in so-called balanced schemes or processes... 

The formation of vinyl chloride from acetylene and hydrogen chloride is catalyzed by activated carbon impregnated with mercuric and mercurous chlorides.54- 5S The catalyst is prepared by saturating activated carbon with mercury vapor at 200° C and then adding hydrogen chloride to form mercuric and mercurous chlorides. 

USE In the manuf of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides, vinyl chloride from acetylene, alkyl chlorides from olefins, and arsenious chloride from arsenious oxide. In the chlorination of rubber, as a gaseous flux for babbitting operations. In Organic reactions involving isomerization, polymerization, and alkylation. For making chlorine where economical. 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical hydrochlorides, alkyl chlorides for olefins, and vinyl chloride from acetylene used in the chlorination of rubber and for making chlorine used in isomerization, polymerization, and alkylation reactions used in the cleaning of membranes in desalination plants. 

Catalysts for the synthesis of vinyl chloride from acetylene and HCl HgCl2/ activated carbon HgCl2 is applied from aqueous solution... 

Vinyl chloride (chloroethene). The production of vinyl chloride naturally attracted the attention of those companies already involved in chlorination processes. The quantities of by-product hydrogen chloride available were often an embarrassment and the relatively facile production of vinyl chloride from acetylene and anhydrous HCl, over a supported mercuric chloride catalyst, provided a valuable outlet. 

Ethylene dichloride could then be cracked to vinyl chloride and HCl, with the hydrogen chloride recycled to produce vinyl chloride from acetylene ... 

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