Calcium alginate gels

At end, it is important to mention that calcium pectate gel beads were compared with calcium alginates gel beads for all entrapment uses [65, 66] in this work, the authors determined the pore size of the beads by size exclusion chromatography using dextran standards and other solutes. 

Calcium alginate gels, 4 728 Calcium alloys, 4 530 Calcium aluminate, 2 345t Calcium aluminate cement, 2 415-416 5 500t, 502... 

Cheetham, P. S. J., K. W. Blunt, and C. Bucke, "Physical Studies on Cell Immobilization Using Calcium Alginate Gels," Biotech. Bioeng. 21 (1979) 2155-2168. 

Xing, L., Dawei, C., Liping, X., and Rongqing, Z. Oral colon-specific drug delivery for bee venom peptide Development of a coated calcium alginate gel beads-entrapped liposome. J. Contr. Rel. 93 293—300, 2003. 

Iskakov, R. M., Kikuchi, A., and Okano, T. Time-programmed pulsatile release of dextran from calcium-alginate gel beads coated with carboxy-re-propylacrylamide copolymers. J. Contr. Rel. 80 57-68, 2002. 

Some studies on continuous mead production have been performed, involving S. cerevisiae immobilized in calcium alginate gels (Qureshi and Tamhane, 1985) or calcium pectate (Navratil et ah, 2001). In the first situation, alcohol production was stable within a pH range of 2.5-6.0, with an optimum at pH 5.5, and a temperature range of 18-30 °C, with a sharp increase at 35 °C (Qureshi and Tamhane, 1985). Mead production proceeded continuously for more than 3 months and experienced less... 

To increase production and facilitate isolation, plant cells have been immobilised on various matrices such as polyurethane foam and calcium alginate gel beads,24 while elicitation (i.e. the induction of a defence response) is generally critical for the production of secondary metabolites. The rationale for the use of elicitors is that plants produce secondary metabolites as part of a defence response to stress, either biotic (pathogen infection) or abiotic (ultraviolet, toxic heavy metals and rare earth ions). Jasmonic acid plays a crucial role in plant stress responses and, along with fungal polysaccharides and heavy metals, is the most widely employed elicitor in plant tissue cultures.30... 

Fig. 2 Microstructures associated with physically bonded polymer gels. (A) Multihelical junction zones of agar gels and (B) egg-box model junction zones of calcium alginate gels.

Calcium alginate is incompatible with alkalis and alkali salts. Propranolol hydrochloride has been shown to bind to alginate molecules, suggesting that propranolol and calcium ions share common binding sites in the alginate chains the formation of the calcium alginate gel structure was impeded in the presence of propranolol molecules. ... 

Gaserod O, Jolliffe IG, Hampson FC, Dettmar PW, Skjak-Braek G. Enhancement of the bioadhesive properties of calcium alginate gel beads by coating with chitosan. Int J Pharm 1998 175 237-246. 

This suspension was dropped into calcium chloride solution (100 mM in PBS) to hold BLs within calcium alginate gel. 

The beads of calcium alginate gel containing BLs were prefixed with 2% glutaraldehyde solution in 0.1 M Cacodylate buffer. 

Saeki, A. (1990). Studies on acetic acid fermentation. Ill continuous production of vinegar with immobilized Saccaromycodes ludwigii cells and immobilized Acetobacter aceti cells entrapped in calcium alginate gel beads. J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. 37, 722-725. 

Fig. 13. Operational stability of D-amino acid oxidase fixed in cells of Trigonopsis variabilis CCY 15-1-3 entrapped in standard (A) and hardened (a) calcium pectate gel and standard (O) and hardened calcium alginate gel ( ). The relative activity was monitored by continuous processing, with the substrate (cephalosporin C) solution in the flow microcalorimeter [39]...

Fang, T.J. and Tsai, H.C. 2003. Growth patterns of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in ground beef treated with nisin, chelators, organic acids and their combinations immobilized in calcium alginate gels. Food Microbiology 20 243-253. 

In recent years citric acid has been produced on the laboratory scale using A. niger immobilized on calcium alginate gel, polyacrylamide gel, polyurethane foam, and disks of rotating biological contactors (RBC). (see [53,54] for related references). For economic reasons, it is impractical to produce citric acid on an industrial scale using the immobiUzed cell system at the present time. 

Navon, A., Keren, S., Salame, L. and Glazer, I. (1998) An edible-to-eat calcium alginate gel as a carrier for entomopathogenic nematodes. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 8, 429-437. 

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