Calcium alginates

Keywords immobilised cell reactor (ICR) Saccharomyces cerevisiae ethanol fermentation encapsulated beads calcium alginate... 

Urological (bladder) irrigation solutions 7.4 Calcium alginate... 

At end, it is important to mention that calcium pectate gel beads were compared with calcium alginates gel beads for all entrapment uses [65, 66] in this work, the authors determined the pore size of the beads by size exclusion chromatography using dextran standards and other solutes. 

Pai S-L, Hsu Y-L, Chong N-M, Sheu C-S, Chen C-H (1995) Continuous degradation of phenol by Rhodococcus SR immobilized on granular activated carbon and in calcium alginate. Biores Technol 51 37 12... 

D-Pantolactone and L-pantolactone are used as chiral intermediates in chemical synthesis, whereas pantoic acid is used as a vitamin B2 complex. All can be obtained from racemic mixtures by consecutive enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction. Subsequently, the desired hydrolysed enantiomer is lactonized, extracted and crystallized (Figure 4.6). The nondesired enantiomer is reracemized and recycled into the plug-flow reactor [33,34]. Herewith, a conversion of 90-95% is reached, meaning that the resolution of racemic mixtures is an alternative to a possible chiral synthesis. The applied y-lactonase from Fusarium oxysporum in the form of resting whole cells immobilized in calcium alginate beads retains more than 90% of its initial activity even after 180 days of continuous use. The biotransformation yielding D-pantolactone in a fixed-bed reactor skips several steps here that are necessary in the chemical resolution. Hence, the illustrated process carried out by Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd is an elegant way for resolution of racemic mixtures. 

Corynebacterium glutamicum (CGMCC No. 1464) cells immobilized in calcium alginate beads cross-linked with polyethenimine and glutaraldehyde have been employed for the production of nicotinamide from 3-cyanopyridine [21], The reaction was mn at 10-15 °C,... 

Shen, B., Greenfield, P., and Reid, S., Calcium Alginate Immobilized Hybridomas Grown Using a Fluidized-Bed Perfusion System with a Protein-Free Medium, Cytotechnol., 14 109 (1994)... 

A collective anaerobic and aerobic treatment by immobilized microorganisms was first shown [66, 67] using calcium-alginate-immobilized co-cultures of a facultative anaerobic strain of Enterobacter cloacae. Reaction actually took place in the middle of the alginate beads. In these experiments, the reduced derivatives were oxidized in the outer parts of the alginate beads by a second aerobic strain (two different Alcaligenes species), which had the ability to oxidize 4-chloro-2-aminophenol. 

The decolorization potential of immobilized P. chrysosporium MTCC 787 for azo dyes Acid Orange, Acid Red 114, triphenylmethane dye Methyl Violet, diazoic dye Congo Red, vat dye Vat Magenta, thiazine dye Methylene Blue, and anthraqui-none Acid Green was demonstrated by Radha et al. [53]. Decolorization experiments were carried out with immobilized calcium alginate (Ca-ALG) beads of different sizes (2-6 mm). 

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