Calanus helgolandicus

Indices of condition like those mentioned above have also been used in studies of other water organisms. The food available to the medusa Aurelia aurita and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi can be judged from their level of carbohydrates (Anninsky, 1990), and that available to copepods such as Calanus helgolandicus can be judged from their content of neutral lipids, especially wax esters (Yuneva and Svetlichny, 1996). 

Poulet, S. A., Laabir, M., Ianora, A., and Miralto, A., Reproductive response of Calanus helgolandicus. I. Abnormal embryonic and naupliar development, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 129, 85, 1995. 

Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) copepodites > 280 pm cf. globosa single cells and colonies incubation experiments Hansen (1992,1995), Turner et al. (2002)... 

Pond, D., Harris, R., Head, R., and Harbour, D. (1996). Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and epg viabihty of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 143, 45—63. 

Figure 4, Computer-processed and contoured vertical sections of temperature (0.5 °C intervals) (a) and chlorophyll concentration (2.5-mg/m intervals) (b)for a day tow by the UOR Mark 2 from Plymouth to Roscoff in the western English Channel in August 1979 with the abundance of Calanus helgolandicus Claus for the corresponding day and night tows (c). The inset shows the track of the ferry M. V, Cornouailles from Plymouth to Roscoff,...

The UOR tows of August 1979 (Figure 4), July 1981, and July 1982 (Figures 5 and 6) showed chlorophyll concentrations of 10-20 mg/m in the stratified waters (usually highest adjacent to the tidal front), and in June 1980 chlorophyll concentrations close to 10 mg/m were measured at the front. The increased abundance of zooplankton, coincident with the high concentrations of chlorophyll measured at the front, is shown in Figure 4c (abundance of Calanus helgolandicus Claus, the major herbivorous cope-pod in the plankton samples). 

Irigoien, X., Harris, R.P., Head, R.N. and Harbour, D. (2000) The influence of diatom abundance on the egg production rate of Calanus helgolandicus in the English Channel. Limnology and Oceanography,... 

Body Weight and Growth of the Marine Planktonic Copepod Calanus helgolandicus Water, Air Soil Pollut. 1972,1, 314-321. 

Preliminary Observations on the Feeding of the Marine Copepod, Calanus helgolandicus (Claus), J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 1961, 41 (1), 5-16. 

Calanus helgolandicus Water column 1 ppb naphthalene Naphthalene 10 d 0.2 0.11 Harris et al. (1977)... 

Calanus helgolandicus Water column 10 ppb naphthalene Naphthalene 24 h 0.23 1.24 Corner et al. (1976)... 

Calanus helgolandicus) accumulated more naphthalene after 24 hr when uptake was by diet as opposed to exposure in water without prey. Assessment of the importance of dietary accumulation is difficult in aquatic systems because prey can release compounds to the water, thus confounding the experimental design of assessing only dietary input. For most aquatic organisms, we would expect dietary uptake of LPAHs, such as via sediment ingestion, to have a minor impact on tissue concentrations for these compounds when prey and water are at steady state with each other. 

Crustaceans also exhibit a range in ability to biotransform PAHs. A study with the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) found that this species was able to extensively metabolize PAHs (naphthalenes, fluorene, and benzo-[a]pyrene) and produce high concentrations of metabolites (Lee et al. 1976). Conversely, Burns (1976) found that another crab (Uca pugnax) possessed a very weak, uninducible microsomal MFO system for metabolizing xenobi-otic hydrocarbons. It was noted that this species was very sensitive to oil pollution because of its limited ability to metabolize hydrocarbons. The larval spot shrimp (Pandalus platyceros) only weakly metabolized naphthalene with 9%-21% of the total " C-naphthalene in tissues present as metabolites (Sanborn and Malins 1977). Contrary to this, fairly extensive biotransformation of naphthalene was demonstrated for the copepod Calanus helgolandicus by Corner et al. (1976) and Harris et al. (1977). 

---