CAESAR project

Benfenati E (2010) The CAESAR project for in silico models for the REACH legislation. Chem Cent J 4 11... 

The EC funded project CHEMOMENTUM will also implement QSAR models for pesticides and industrial chemicals, taken from the DEMETRA and CAESAR projects, and presented in a more user-friendly form [29]. 

CAESAR project, see CivUian American and European Surface Anthropometric Resource project... 

In theFP7 CAESAR project [9], sorbent development focused on addressing these issues with the hydrotalcite-based sorbent. The objectives here were to increase the cyclic capacity, to reduce the amount of steam needed for regeneration, to increase the mechanical strength of the sorbent pellets and finally to reduce the specific sorbent cost. The key issue was to develop a HTC-based sorbent material that did not form notable amounts of MgC03... 

Burnsides, D., Boehmer, M. Robinette, K. 2001. 3-D landmark detection and identification in the CAESAR project. Proceedings of the third international conference on 3-D digital imaging and modeling conference, Quebec City. 

Another recent tool has been developed within the ORCHESTRA project. The tool keeps into account both the chemometric information and the toxicity predictions done by the model, and in particular what kind of errors have been done by the model. It applies to the CAESAR QSAR models. Furthermore, this tool is based not only on the a priori data and information, as the other approaches, but also on the a posteriori result of the model. The user knows if the model can or cannot be used for a certain compound. In some cases a warning is given, recommending expert opinion. In all cases the reasons for the reliability is given, and it can be evaluated in a transparent way. 

QSAR models addressing five endpoints relevant for REACH legislation have been developed by the European funded CAESAR research project [56]. These models are focused on BCF in fish, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, developmental toxicity, and skin sensitization. The developed models have been implemented into a Java-based applet available through the Internet. 

Meyer H.Wehrli, Helv 20, 353(1937) CA 31, 5807(1937) 5)M.L.Wolfrom et al, JACS 65, 2084(1943) 6)M.L.Wolfrom et al, Ohio State Univ Final Rept, Project 459, Columbus, Ohio(Jan 1953)pp 1,3 34 Nitrated Deacetylated Chitine A wh flocculent ppt contg 11=6 to 11,9% nitrate N(as detd by DuPont nitrometer obtd by Wolfrom et al(Ref 3) by nitrating deacetylated chitin with 100% HNOj. The nitrated product represented the combined nitrate salt nitrate ester of deacetylated chitin. This substance contd one nitric acid salt unit per anhydro-o-glucosamine unit and 1.60-1.65 nitrate ester unit per anhydro-o-glucosamine anhydro -N-acetyl-D -glucosammine units. Attempts to nitrate deacetylated chitin by means of nitrogen pent oxide, in a non-aqueous medium y in the presence of sodium fluoride, by the method of Caesar(Ref 2) were unsuccessful mainly because of occlusion of NaF in the nitrated products(Ref 3)... 

The EC funded project CAESAR is developing models for five endpoints specifically related to the REACH legislation [28]. The five endpoints are bioconcentration factor, skin sensitization, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and mutagenicity (in vivo studies). These five endpoints have been chosen because they are among those that will require more animal tests. Actually, other studies are also supposed to use many animals, but they were excluded because of lack of sufficient experimental values. 

The approach of CAESAR is quite similar to that of DEMETRA. So far good results have been obtained for the bioconcentration factor (BCF) in fish, superior to those of other models. Models have been tested with an external validation set. The model gives as prediction the BCF as continuous value, but it has been optimized to reduce false negatives. In the specific case of the REACH legislation, which is the target of the project, bioaccumulative chemicals are defined if the BCF value is above 3.3 in logarithmic unit. This shows another example of the specificity of the models, because different threshold may apply in other countries. 

The advantages of CHEMOMENTUM are numerous. For regulatory purposes, there will be models already optimized for REACH. For instance, a model is under development for the BCF, based on the high-quality data provided by the project CAESAR. Independent models will be obtained using the automatic modeling procedure. 

Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge the financial contribution of the European Commission s CAESAR (Contract SSPI 022674), OSIRIS (Contract GOCE-CT-2007-037017), and CHEMOMENTUM projects (Contract MIF1-CT-2006-039036). 

An alternative concept is the so-called direct absorption concept, which applies solar-receiver reactors. According to this concept a solar reformer was developed by DLR in the SOLASYS project (Tamme, 2003) based on earlier experiences in the projects SCR and CAESAR (Bauer, 1994). It allows the concentrated radiation to penetrate through a transparent aperture into the reformer, where it is absorbed directly by the irradiated absorber. The reaction gases pass through the absorber which serves simultaneously as a heat transfer unit and as support for the catalyst. The quartz window, used as aperture closure, enables the reformer to be operated under pressure. A schematic of the solar receiver is shown in Figure 3 (right). The reformer was operated up to 0.9 MPa and 780°C. The pilot reformer was tested at a power level of about 300 kW(th) at the solar tower of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. In a follow-up project SOLREF (Moller, 2006), the operation conditions will be about 1.5 MPa and 950°C. 

Marcus Terentius Varro (medieval illustration) was appointed by Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) to plan a grand public library in Rome. After Caesar s assassination, this project remained unfinished. Having been outlawed and prosecuted by Mark Antony, Varro s life was saved by Octavian (the later Augustus), and he spent the rest of his life in seclusion at his estate in the Sabini Mountains engaged in his literary pursuits. 

Jansen, D. (2012) EU FP7 Project CAESAR SEWGS technology is now ready for scale-up Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Greenhouse Gas Technologies. Kyoto, Japan. 

CAESAR, 2010. D4.7 Test cases and preliminary benchmarking results from the three projects. 

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