Cadmium Fume

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Cadmium Fume Chemical Formula CdO. 

Butyl cellosolve, see 2-Butoxyethanol tert-Butyl chromate (as CrOj) n-Butyl glycidyl ether n-Butyl lactate Butyl mercaptan p-tert-Butyltoluene Cadmium, dust and salts (as Cd) Cadmium, fume (as Cd)... 

Toxicology. Cadmium oxide fume is a severe pulmonary irritant cadmium dust also is a pulmonary irritant, but it is less potent than cadmium fume because it has a larger particle size. Chronic exposure is associated with nephrotoxicity. Several inorganic cadmium compounds cause malignant tumors in animals. 

Inhalation exposure to high levels of cadmium fumes or dust is intensely irritating to respiratory tissue. Particle size appears to be a more important determinant of toxicity than... 

Tsuchiya K Proteinuria of workers exposed to cadmium fume. Arch Environ Health 14 875-890, 1967... 

Some toxic chemicals cause both local and systemic effects. For example, cadmium fumes, which may occur in industrial environments, can cause lung damage when inhaled, but the cadmium absorbed will damage the kidneys. 

Dimethylcadmium, (CH3)2Cd, is an oily liquid at room temperature and has a very unpleasant odor. The compound melts at -4.5"C and boils at 106°C. It decomposes in contact with water. Diethyl-cadmium is likewise an oil it melts at -21°C, boils at 64°C, and reacts explosively with oxygen in air. Dipropylcadmium, (C3H7)2Cd, is an oil that melts at -83°C, boils at 84°C, and reacts with water. The dialkyl cadmium compounds are distillable, but decompose above about 150°C, evolving toxic cadmium fume. 

Inhalation of cadmium fumes produces local irritant effects and may result in chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema, possibly resulting in death. 

Derivation (1) Dust or fume from roasting zinc ores is collected, mixed with coal or coke and sodium or zinc chloride, and sintered. The cadmium fume is collected in an electrostatic precipitator, leached, fractionally precipitated, and distilled. (2) By direct distillation from cadmium-bearing zinc. (3) By recovery from electrolytic zinc process (approximately 40%). 

Chronic cadmium toxicity occurs in industrial workers exposed to cadmium fumes. The symptoms are those of nephrotoxicity, bone disease and. to a lesser extent, hepatotoxicity. Renal stone formation may be increased. 

CADMIUM FUME (1306-19-0) Forms explosive mixture with aluminum, ammonium perchlorate, magnesium in the presence of heat, chlorine trifluoride. Explodes or ignites on contact with hydrazinium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide (90%), hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen trisulfide, lithium. Can increase the thermal and explosive sensitivity of nitroalkanes, hydrazinium perchlorate. May react with phosphorus, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, selenium, zinc. 

SYNONYMS Colloidal cadmium, cadmium dust, cadmium fume. 

EXPOSURE GUIDELINES ACGIH TLV TWA (cadmium dust and cadmium oxide) 0.05mg/m3 OSHA PEL TWA (cadmium fumes) 0.1mg/m3 OSHA PEL TWA (cadmium dust) 0.2mg/m3 NIOSH REL TWA (cadmium) reduce to lowest feasible level IDLH (cadmium dust or fumes) 40mg/m3. 

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