Cables, plastics used

Anodes similar to cables are used which consist of a copper conductor covered with conducting plastic. This creates an electrolytically active anode surface and at the same time protects the copper conductor from anodic dissolution. 

The header cable between anode bed and rectifier must be particularly well insulated. For this reason cables with double plastic sheathing of type NYY-O are used. The cable sheath must not be damaged during installation because the copper core at the defects will be anodically attacked in a very short time and the connection to the rectifier broken. Damage to the cable sheath is not so serious if a multicored cable is used. Usually not all the core insulation is damaged so that the operation of the anode bed is not interrupted. In addition, measurement of resistance and detection of defects is easier. 

WEEE has had a direct affect on flame-retardant use, because flame retardants are used in almost all electrical and electronic equipment to prevent fires from short circuits. This directive lays down rules for disposal and recycling of all electrical and electronic equipment that goes back to the previous incinerator discussion. For flame retardants, this directive affects how the plastic parts, cable jackets, and enclosures are flame retarded. If the plastic cannot be reground and recycled, it must go to the incinerator, in which case it cannot form toxic by-products during incineration. This has led to the rapid deselection of brominated FR additives in European plastics that are used in electronics, or the complete removal of FR additives from plastics used in electronics in Europe. This led, in turn, to increases in electrical fires in Europe, and now customers and fire-safety experts demand low environmental impact and fire safety. However, the existing nonhalogen flame-retardant solutions brought in to replace bromine have their own balance-of-property issues, and so research continues to develop materials that can meet WEEE objectives. 

UL 1975 Standard for Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used for Decorative Purposes UL 2024 Standard for Optical-Fiber and Communications Cable Raceway UL 2043 Standard for Safety Fire Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release for Discrete Products and Their Accessories Installed in Air-Handling Spaces... 

Highly permanent, low volatility, linear plasticizer used in wire and cable insulation for automotive and communications applications, low temp, high performance film and sheeting as well as low fogging automotive interiors. 

Flame retarding plasticizer used in cellulose, polyester and polyurethane. Mainly used in the manufacture of electrical (wire and cable) and automotive plastic parts. May also be used for die preparation of vinyl sheets, fabric coating, plastisols and organosols, adhesives, vinyl packing materials, and conveyor belts. 

For each of four kinds of profile, channels of three lengths 70,90 and 110 mm were used (see Figure 5.2). The following polymers were stndied cable plastic GOST 5660 and polystyrene GOST 20282. The pressure of the extrusion was increased from 1 to 6 MPa, frequency of ultrasonic oscillations from 18.5 up to 23.5 GFlz. The experiments were conducted in a range of temperatures from 413 up to 453 K. 

Chem. Descrip. Linear CjC, alcohol phthalate CAS 68515-42-4 EINECS/ELINCS 271-084-6 Uses Plasticizer for PVC for imitation leather, elec, cables, conveyor belts, coil coatings, profiles, gaskets, tubing Features Enhanced low temp, performance low fogging UV stable Properties Hazen 50 max. clear liq. pract. odorless sol. in common org. soivs. misc. with most of the plasticizers used in processing PVC insol. in water dens. 0.965-0.978 ml (20 C) vise. 43-51 mPa-s-(20 C) acid no. 0.07 max. ref. index 1.480-1.486 (20 C) 99.5% min. ester content 0.1% max. water Diplast 0 [LonzaSpA]... 

Uses Plasticizer used mainly for PVC for PVC films, floor coverings, insulations and sheathings of elec, lines and cables, artificial leather, hoses and profiles, and for coatings Features Favorable elec, props. 

Chem. Descrip. Oil-modified sebacic acid alkyd polymeric plasticizer Uses Plasticizer for PVB, NC films, fabric coatings ethyl cellulose cable, paper, wood, and metal lacquers grinding medium for NC lacquers Features Permanent exc. pigment wetting and stability props. Properties Yel. vise, liq. sol. in aromatic hydrocarbons and in mixts. with ethanol, butanol, and ethyl acetate sp.gr. 0.998 vise. (G-H) Z2 acid no. 3.5 max. flash pt. 288 C fire pt. 313 C Uniflex DBS [Arizona Eastech]... 

The big attention to polyesteresterketones is paid in aircraft and space industries. The requirements to fire-resistance of plastics used in crafts have become stricter within the last years. Umeinforced polyesteresterketones satisfy these demands having the fire-resistance category U-0 on UL 94 at thickness 0.8 mm. In addition, this pol5mier releases few smoke and toxic substances in combustion (is used in a subway). The polyes-teresterketone is used for coating of wires and cables, used in details of aerospace facility (the low inflammability, the excellent permeability and the wear stability), in military facility, ship building, on nuclear power plants (resists the radiation of about 1000 Mrad and temperature of water steam 185 °C), in oil wells (pillar stand to the action of water imder pressure, at a temperature of 288 °C), in electrical engineering and electronics. 

For flexible sheeting, as single ply roofing use, PVC and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) are expected to be the main polymers used. For wall and floor coverings PVC is still expected to continue to dominate the construction market. PVC will be the main plastic used for pipe and conduit, wire and cable, profiles and flooring applications, while EPS will be mostly used in insulation. 

Black twisted nylon and polypropylene ropes used to rig and retrieve test platforms were unaffected. Grappling lines attached to platforms, made of steel wire jacketed with extruded high-density PE, prevented corrosion of the steel. PE is also used to protect submerged telephone cables. Plastic primers such as epoxy are used to prevent antifouling paints from corroding metals. These paints generally use cuprous oxide to prevent the growth of barnacles, but at the same time can be harmful to metal. 

In 1988, the National Bureau of Standards [now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)] ran room combustion tests comparing flame retardant with non-flame retardant plastics used in printed wiring boards, television set and business machine enclosures, cables, and upholstered furniture. The results showed that flame retardant materials allow more than a 15-fold longer escape time, 75% less heat release, significantly less smoke, and a lower concentration of toxic gases. Fire retardants decrease toxicity in fires. The effect is due to a decrease in the amount of burning material. ... 

---