Butyric acid anhydride

SYNS ANHYDRID KYSELINY MASELNE BUTANOIC ACID, ANHYDRIDE (9CI) BUTANOIC ANHYDRIDE BUTYRANHYDRID BUTYRIC ACID ANHYDRIDE n-BUTYRIC ACID ANHYDRIDE n-BUTYRIC ANHYDRIDE BUTYRYL OXIDE... 

BUTYRHODANID (GERMAN) see BSN500 n-BUTYRIC ACID see BSWOOO BUTYRIC ACID ANHYDRIDE see BSW550 n-BUTYRIC ACID ANHYDRIDE see BSW550 BUTYRIC ACID, CINNAMYL ESTER see CMQ800 BUTYRIC ACID, a-a-DIMETHYLPHENETHYL ESTER see BEL850... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Anhydrid kyseliny maselne BRN 1099474 Butanoic acid, anhydride Butanoic anhydride Butyranhydrid Butyric acid anhydride Butyric anhydride Butyryl oxide Caswell No. 132A EINECS 203-383-4 ERA Pesticide Chemical Code 077705 HSDB 5369 UN2739. Liquid mp = -75° bp = 200° d O = 0.9668 hn = 282 nm (e = 126, CeHs) soluble in Et20, slightly soluble in CCl4. 

C8Hi303]- CH3CH2CHCOOCOCH2CH2CH3 y-irr. of n-butyric acid anhydride/ Polycrystalline EPR/ 77 H(a)a2H(iS) 2.0 71Chel/ 72Chel... 

Butyric acid, allyl ester. See Allyl butyrate Butyric acid, 4-amino-. See Aminobutyric acid, Butyric acid anhydride n-Butyric acid anhydride. See Butyric anhydride Butyric acid, benzyl ester. See Benzyl butyrate... 

Synonyms Butanoic acid, anhydride Butanoic anhydride Butyric acid anhydride n-Butyric... 

Butyric acid anhydride refluxed 4 hrs. with a-propionylpropionic acid mono-fluoroboric acid enolester anhydride complex prepared from propionic acid anhydride and BF3 4-methyl-3,5-octanedione. Y 82%. F. e. s. H. Musso and K. Figge, A. 668, 15 (1963). 

Another study published by Wan et reported on the di-o-butyryl-chitosan, prepared by reacting chitosan with butyric acid anhydride in the presence of perchloric acid as a catalyst. As in the previous study, the authors observed a decrease in the crystallinity of the samples due to the modification reaction and that the swelling indices of modified membranes were increased significantly in direct proportion to the degree of substitution. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the modified membranes exhibited a slightly increased thermal stability compared to the unmodified membrane. The ionic conductivity of di-o-butyrylchitosan membranes in the dry state exhibited ionic conductivities between 10 and 10 S/cm, which increased up to 10 S/cm for 25% of substitution after hydration. 

The ketones are readily prepared, for example, acetophenone from benzene, acetyl chloride (or acetic anhydride) and aluminium chloride by the Friedel and Crafts reaction ethyl benzyl ketones by passing a mixture of phenylacetic acid and propionic acid over thoria at 450° and n-propyl- p-phenylethylketone by circulating a mixture of hydrocinnamic acid and n-butyric acid over thoria (for further details, see under Aromatic Ketones, Sections IV,136, IV,137 and IV,141). 

Production of maleic anhydride by oxidation of / -butane represents one of butane s largest markets. Butane and LPG are also used as feedstocks for ethylene production by thermal cracking. A relatively new use for butane of growing importance is isomerization to isobutane, followed by dehydrogenation to isobutylene for use in MTBE synthesis. Smaller chemical uses include production of acetic acid and by-products. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is the principal by-product, though small amounts of formic, propionic, and butyric acid are also produced. / -Butane is also used as a solvent in Hquid—Hquid extraction of heavy oils in a deasphalting process. 

Friedel-Grafts Reactions. In the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts, succinic anhydride reacts with alkyl benzenes to form alkylben2oylpropionic acids (103), eg, the reaction with iadane gives a 97% yield of 4-oxo-(4,5-iQdanyl)butyric acid (eq. 6). 

Mixed esters containing the dicarboxylate moiety, eg, cellulose acetate phthalate, are usually prepared from the partially hydroly2ed lower aUphatic acid ester of cellulose in acetic acid solvent by using the corresponding dicarboxyhc acid anhydride and a basic catalyst such as sodium acetate (41,42). Cellulose acetate succinate and cellulose acetate butyrate succinate are manufactured by similar methods as described in reference 43. 

Resolution of racemic alcohols by acylation (Table 6) is as popular as that by hydrolysis. Because of the simplicity of reactions ia nonaqueous media, acylation routes are often preferred. As ia hydrolytic reactions, selectivity of esterification may depend on the stmcture of the acylatiag agent. Whereas Candida glindracea Upase-catalyzed acylation of racemic-cx-methylhenzyl alcohol [98-85-1] (59) with butyric acid has an enantiomeric value E of 20, acylation with dodecanoic acid increases the E value to 46 (16). Not only acids but also anhydrides are used as acylatiag agents. Pseudomonasfl. Upase (PFL), for example, catalyzed acylation of a-phenethanol [98-85-1] (59) with acetic anhydride ia 42% yield and 92% selectivity (74). 

In a typical process for manufacture on a commercial scale bleached wood pulp or cotton linters are pretreated for 12 hours with 40-50% sulphuric acid and then, after drying, with acetic acid. Esterification of the treated cellulose is then carried out using a mixture of butyric acid and acetic anhydride, with a trace of sulphuric acid as catalyst. Commercial products vary extensively in the acetate/ butyrate ratios employed. 

Phenylcyclohexane and succinic acid (8ernstein Acid) anhydride are reacted in the presence of AICI3 to give 4-(4 -cvclohexvlphenvl)-4-keto-n-butyric acid. 

Acid anhydrides have been employed with, and without the use of a base catalyst. For example, acetates, propionates, butyrates, and their mixed esters, DS of 1 to ca. 3, have been obtained by reaction of activated cellulose with the corresponding anhydride, or two anhydrides, starting with the one with the smaller volume. In all cases, the distribution of both ester groups was almost statistic. Activation has been carried out by partial solvent distillation, and later by heat activation, under reduced pressure, of the native cellulose (bagasse, sisal), or the mercerized one (cotton linters). No catalyst has been employed the anhydride/AGU ratio was stoichiometric for microcrystalhne cellulose. Alternatively, 50% excess of anhydride (relative to targeted DS) has been employed for fibrous celluloses. In all cases, polymer degradation was minimum, and functionalization occurs preferentially at Ce ( C NMR spectroscopic analysis [52,56,57]). 

It may be stated at this point that the presence of a /3-hydroxy-butyrate fat in certain organisms is a matter of general biochemical importance. Usually /3-hydroxybutyric acid and the acetone bodies are derived from n-butyric acid directly. The unambiguous formation of jS-hydroxybutyric acid anhydrides from carbohydrates opens up new vistas its formation from acetaldehyde, and from pyruvic acid, through aldol intermediates can be understood without difficulty. Kirrmann s reaction, to which little attention has been paid, is at the same time an example of an oxygen shift, leading from hydroxyaldehydes to fatty acids. 

In this paper we report the use of supported heteropoly acid (silicotungstic acid) and supported phosphoric acid catalysts for the acylation of industrially relevant aromatic feedstocks with acid anhydrides in the synthesis of aromatic ketones. In particular, we describe the acylation of thioanisole 1 with iso-butyric anhydride 2 to form 4-methyl thiobutyrophenone 3. The acylation of thioanisole with acetic anhydride has been reported in which a series of zeolites were used as catalysts. Zeolite H-beta was reported to have the highest activity of the zeolites studied (41 mol % conversion, 150°C) (2). 

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