2-butanone viscosity

The crystallization of the acetone-insoluble polystyrene is completed by boiling for 2 h in freshly distilled butanone it is then allowed to stand overnight at room temperature and finally filtered and dried in vacuum at 60 °C. Yield of crystalline isotactic polystyrene 95-100% of the acetone insoluble portion.The crystalline melting range and the density see Sect. 2.3.4.1) are determined, as is also the limiting viscosity number in toluene at 20 °C. 

Viscosity measurements on a series of CPSs having the same polymerization degree but different carboxyl contents have provided clear evidence for self-association in solutions. Figure 30 shows the reduced viscosities in butanone and THF (2 mg/ml) at 30.0 °C as a function of carboxyl content. When the carboxyl content is below 3.4 mol%, the reduced viscosity decreases as carboxyl groups are introduced into the CPS. This behavior reflects the constriction of polymer... 

Fig. 30. Reduced viscosity of CPS in a 2-butanone and b THF as a function of carbonyl molar content in CPS [149]...

Analysis and Characterization. Gas chromatography was performed with a Hewlett-Packard model 5880A equipped with capillary columns and a flame-ionization detector. Gel permeation chromatography was performed with a Hewlett-Packard HPLG model 1090A with a refractive index detector. Tacticity determinations were conducted with an F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrophotometer (Varian XL-100) at 94.12 MHz for triad analyses (13). Inherent viscosity measurements were performed in 2-butanone at 25.0 °C. 

The addition of cosolvents to ionic liquids can result in dramatic reductions in the viscosity without changing the cations or anions in the system. The haloalu-minate ionic liquids present a challenge due to the reactivity of the ionic liquid. Nonetheless, several compatible co-solvents have been investigated, including benzene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile [13-17]. The addition of as little as 5 wt.% acetonitrile or 15 wt.% of benzene or methylene chloride was able to reduce the absolute viscosity by 50% for [EMIMjCl-AlCls ionic liquids with less than 50 mol% AICI3 [13]. Non-haloaluminate ionic liquids have also been studied with a range of co-solvents including water, acetone, ethanol, methanol, butanone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and acetonitrile [6,18-22]. The ionic liquid response is similar to that observed in the haloaluminate ionic liquids. The addition of as little as 20 mol% co-solvent reduced the viscosity of a [BMIM][BF4] melt by 50% [6]. 

Facile and selective reactions with 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol, and 3-ferf-butoxycyclohexanol were observed without any side reactions and yielded corresponding alkoxy polysiloxanes in excellent yields (Entries 1,4, and 5 Table 3.3). Amino substituted polysiloxanes are desirable products due to their utility in various technological applications, but salt-free direct methods of their preparation are quite rare. To our surprise, the Pd-nanocluster alcoholysis reaction of PMHS with 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol provided corresponding amino substituted polysiloxane (Entry 2, Table 3.3) in fair yields without undergoing degradation or rearrangement reactions. However, it should be pointed out that double the amount of solvent was used for alcoholysis of amine-functionalized alcohols, since the viscosity of the reaction mixture increased rapidly (as compared to nonamine functionalized alcohols) as reaction progressed. Similarly,... 

To separate the floccules from the KH150BS under low viscosity conditions conveniently, a method of solvent dilution and filtration was employed at low temperature. The detailed procedures were as follows (1) The sample was diluted with an equal mass of a solvent made of a 1 1 mixture of butanone and toluene. (2) One container of the above solution was set in each of four cryostats whose temperature was previously set at -5°C, -10°C, -15°Cand -20°C. (3) The samples were separated into filtrated residue substances and filtrates with a vacuum pump, a grit filter (G4, aperture 5pm - 6pm) and a filter flask. (4) The solvents in the filtrates were again obtained with a rotary evaporator at negative pressure and a small amount of solvent in the filtrated residues was vaporized on a water bath. Finally, the floccules and filtrated oils were obtained by a series of above procedures. 

One way to overcome such problems is to consider solvent(l)/polymer(2)/ polymer(3) ternary systems any method that determines either AG or its derivatives should make it possible to calculate Xi3- Thus, for example, osmotic pressure measurements were used to characterize PS/PVME blends dissolved in either toluene or ethylbenzene (Shiomi et al. 1985). The Xi3 was found to depend on the blends composition. Elimination of the solvent effects gave X23/E1 = —10 (7.41 — 11.0103). Thus, the system was expected to remain miscible up to a PVME volume fraction of 03 = 0.67. Osmotic pressure has also been used to determine X23 = 0.070 for PS with poly(p-chloro styrene) in toluene, 2-butanone, and cumene (Ogawa et al. 1986). For the same system, X23 = 0.087 was calculated from intrinsic viscosity measurements. Thus, the system is thermodynamically immiscible. More recently, osmotic pressure measurements in cyclohexanone of a ternary system resulted in X23ipoly(vinylchloride-co-vinylacetate) blends with a series of acrylic copolymers (Sato et al. 1997). 

Since all viscosities were run in 2-butanone at 30°C, the results show that the equimolar copolymer is more expanded in the ketone solvent. A... 

Adding AIBN initiator to the mixture greatly improves the yield, i.e., after 3 h at 60 C a 65.2% of 41 was obtained, having a specific viscosity in 2-butanone of 0.15 dl/g (0.5 g/lOOml, 25 C). Infrared and NMR spectra of both copolymers were consistent with 41. 

Cotton linters have been subjected to acid hydrolysis for various times and the products converted into samples of cellulose tricarbanilate (weight-average mol. wt. 0.21—1.1 X 10 ).Measurements of the intrinsic viscosities of dilute solutions of the derivatives in p-dioxan and butanone showed that the environment is well displaced from the normal 0-state and is closer to that at the lower critical solution temperature (234 °C in / -dioxan). 

Clara, R. A. Gomez Marigliano, A. C. SoUmo, H. N. Density, viscosity, vapor-liquid equilibrium, excess molar volume, viscosity deviation and their correlation for the chloroform + 2-butanone binary system. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2006, 51, 1473-1478. 

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