Burkholderia pseudomallei

Buried heterostructure laser, 14 701 Burke-Plummer relationship, 11 767 Burkholderia pseudomallei, antibiotic resistant, 3 37 Burlap bags, 18 10... 

Melioidosis B (Burkholderia pseudomallei) Animals— ho ses, mules, donkeys soil Typically 14 days Unlikely Standa d High fever, sweating, muscle pain, pleuritic chest pain, generalized skin eruptions 5-9 days in treated pts Ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem... 

Melioidosis (or Whitmore s disease) is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in South-East Asia where it is endemic. The bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei causing melioidosis is found in contaminated water and soil and are spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source (e.g. bare food working in a rice held). 

The diagnosis is made by isolating Burkholderia pseudomallei from the blood, urine, sputum, or skin lesions through conventional culture or by PCR. Illness from melioidosis can be categorized as acute or localized infection, acute pulmonary infection, acute bloodstream infection, and chronic suppurative infection. 

Jones, A.L. DeShazer, D. Woods, D.E. Identification and characterization of a two-component regulatory system involved in invasion of eukaryotic cells and heavy-metal resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Infect. Im-mun., 65, 4972-4977 (1997)... 

Liu N, Cummings JE, England Ket al (2011) Mechanism and inhibition of the FabI enoyl-ACP reductase from Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Antimicrob Chemother 66 564-573... 

Jakopitsch C, Vlasits J, Wiseman B et al (2007) Redox intermediates in the catalase cycle of catalase-peroxidases from Synechocystis PCC 6803, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biochemistry 46 1183-1193... 

These are difficult enzymes to work with and only recently have crystal structures become available for two catalase-peroxidases Haloarcula marismortui (HMCP) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (BpKatG). A typical subunit is approximately 80 kDa in molecular mass, with a single heme b prosthetic group. The primary structure of each subunit can be divided into two distinct domains, N terminal and C terminal. The N-terminal domain contains the heme and active site, while the C-terminal domain does not contain a heme binding motif and its function remains unclear. The clear sequence similarity between the two domains suggests gene duplication and fusion. Curiously, despite many years of study, the actual in vivo peroxidatic substrate of the catalase-peroxidases has not been identified. 

A multidrug efflux system that appears to be a major contributor to intrinsic high-level resistance to aminoglycosides and macrolides has been identified in Burkholderia pseudomallei (133). 

Moore RA, DeShazer D, Reckseidler S, Weissman A, Woods DE. Efflux-mediated aminoglycoside and macro-lide resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 43(3) 465-70. 

Bnrtnick MN, Woods DE. Isolation of polymyxin B-suscep-tible mutants of Burkholderia pseudomallei and molecnlar characterization of genetic loci involved in polymyxin B resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999 43(ll) 2648-56. 

Comparison of the sequenced genomes of two other especially dangerous pathogens, Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei, did not reveal operons or biochemical systems unique to B. mallei [27]. Thus, there is no evidence of gain of function acquired through HGT, which may increase the virulence or fitness of B. mallei in... 

Moore, R.A., Reckseidler-Zenteno, S., Kim, H., Nierman, W., Yu, Y., Tuanyok, A., Warawa, J., DeShazer, D., Woods, D.E. 2004. Contribution of gene loss to the pathogenic evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. Infect. Immun. 72 4172-4187. 

In the example shown in Fig. 6, the Phylogenetic Profiler is used to find genes from a Burkholderia mallei strain that have no homologs in a Burkholderia pseudomallei strain. Similarity cutoffs can be used to fine-tune the selection. The list of genes with the specified profile is then provided as a selectable list as shown in Fig. 6. 

Fig. 6. Finding Burkholderia mallei genes without homologs in Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Fig. 7. Examining organism statistics for Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei strains.

The exopolysaccharide of Burkholderia caribensis strain MWAP 71 contains 6-deoxy-L-talose.178 Other strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei incorporate 6-deoxytalose, as a polymer with D-glucose but its configuration has not been established.174... 

Y. Isshiki, M. Matsuura, S. Dejsirilert, T. Ezaki, and K. Kawahara, Separation of 6-deoxy-heptan from smooth type lipopolysaccharide preparation of Burkholderia pseudomallei, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 199 (2001) 21-25 Erratum in ibid, 204 (2001) 391. 

Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin scFv Mouse Immune [68, 69]... 

Nathan S, Li H, Mohamed R, EmbiN (2002). Phage display of recombinant antibodies toward Burkholderia pseudomallei exotoxin. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Biophys. 6 45-53. 

R. A. Moore, D. DeShazer, S. Reckseidler, A. Weissman, and D. E. Woods, Efflux-mediated aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43 (1999) 465 70. 

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