Buprenorphine substance

McNicholas L, Howell EF Buprenorphine Clinical Practice Guidelines, Field Review Draft November 17, 2000. Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Office of Pharmacologic and Alternative Therapies, 2000... 

Several CM studies have explored interactions between medication and psychosocial treatments for substance use disorders. In a 12-week randomized, double-blind study of buprenorphine-maintained opioid- and cocaine-dependent patients, Kosten et al. (2003a) found that desipramine and CM together led to greater abstinence from cocaine and heroin and more consecutive weeks of abstinence than either treatment individually or placebo. A later... 

Naltrexone (ReVia). Naltrexone is a very potent antagonist of the actions of opiates. It has been used to reduce the rewarding effects of not only opiates but alcohol as well. Like buprenorphine, naltrexone appears to reduce craving for opiates by blocking their pleasurable effects. Naltrexone is not useful for detoxification and in fact worsens withdrawal. Naltrexone can be useful for maintenance treatment in those patients motivated to achieve total abstinence. It is taken at a constant dose of 50mg/day. A sustained-release depot formulation currently under development will likely help to overcome adherence issues that often undermine treatment for substance use disorders. 

Amass L, Bickel WK, Higgins ST Badger GJ (1994). Alternate-day dosing during buprenorphine treatment of opioid dependence. Life Sciences, 54, 1215-28 American Psychiatric Association (2006). Treatment of patients with substance use disorders, second edition. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 suppl 8, 5-82... 

Taikato M, Kidd B Baldacchino A (2005). What every psychiatrist should know about buprenorphine in substance misuse. Psychiatric Bulletin, 29, 225-7... 

A quantum leap in pain therapy with distinct advantages in the form of reduced side-effects and application frequency was achieved with transdermal opioid administration. Transdermal application requires a number of characteristics on the part of the active substance (Fig. 7), the most restrictive being the daily dose, and only very potent opioids which are effective in very low doses, such as fentanyl and buprenorphine, are an option (Sittl and Likar, 2001). 

Buprenorphine, the other option for transdermal application on account of its potency, is more difficult to apply dermally in therapeutic doses (Roy et al., 1994 Grond et al., 2000). A surrogate parameter for skin penetration, provided the other prerequisites are fulfilled (Fig. 7), is the melting point of the active substance. With buprenorphine base this is 209°C and about 260°C for buprenorphine hydrochloride, compared with, for example, 83°C for fentanyl base and 150°C for fentanyl dihydrogen citrate. The DDS developer LTS devised a technical solution for reliable transdermal buprenorphine administration in the form of a matrix patch (Fig. 9). 

BUPRENORPHINE (Also known as Temgesic and Sub-utex.) New substances that have proven to reduce cravings associated with heroin withdrawal. May also be helpful in treating cocaine addiction. 

Examination of the role of the gut in the metabolism of three phenolic analgesics, dihydromorphine, etorphine (7a), and buprenorphine (7b), which possess widely differing partition coefficients (k)(heptane/phosphate buffer pH 7.4), revealed that a major pathway (conjugation) exists in the gastrointestinal tract for the protection of the organism from the potential toxic effects of phenolic substances and that a determining factor in... 

Notes (a) Substitution substances reported in less than 20 cases are not included here. (b) Maintaining a user at 8 mg buprenorphine a day 1 500 mg dihydrocodeine a day 400 mg heroin a day 350 mg LAAM a week 10 MephenonR pills a day 50 mg methadone a day or 400 mg slow-release morphine a day. ... 

In Austria, a 1997 evaluation reported that buprenorphine can be prescribed for pregnant women since babies born to mothers taking the substance do not demonstrate opiate-related abstinence syndromes as do babies of mothers taking methadone. 

B. Narcotics Buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine and related substances... 

Opioid Treatment Program Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) certified program, usually comprising a facility, staff, administration, patients, and services that engages in supervised assessment and treatment, using methadone, buprenorphine, L-a-acetylmethadol (LAAM), or naltrexone, of individuals who are addicted to opioids. 

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