Bulk storage, liquids

Hie common acrylic ester monomers are combustible liquids. Commercially, acrylic monomers are shipped with DOT red labels in bulk quantities, tank cars, or tank tmcks. Mild steel is the usual material of choice for the constmction of bulk storage facilities for acrylic monomers. Moisture must be excluded to avoid msting of the tanks and contamination of the monomers. Copper or copper alloys must not be allowed to contact acrylic monomers intended for use in polymerization because copper is an inhibitor (67). 

Preliminary minimum distances Liquid oxygen Liquefied flammable gases Liquids stored at ambient temperature and pressure A Code of Practice for the Bulk Storage of Liquid Oxygen at Production Sites (HSE, 1977) Process Plant Layout page 562 (Mecklenburgh, 1985) Process Plant Layout page 564... 

Bulk storage and use of liquid carbon dioxide hazards and precautions... 

Definition. A bulk storage plant is that portion of a property where flammable liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or tank vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank, or container. 

Class I Locations. Table 515-2 shall be applied where Class I liquids are stored, handled, or dispensed and shall be used to delineate and classify bulk storage plants. The Class I location shall not extend beyond a floor, wall, roof, or other solid partition that has no communicating openings. 

However, in the case of bulk storage of butane, the vapor pressure is generally too low for this simple method, and use is made of a liquid feed from the bottom of the storage vessel via a pump to a vaporizer. The vaporizer is simply a heat exchanger either using hot water, steam, electricity or even direct flame as the source of heat. Figure 20.6 shows a typical vaporizer. 

When drawing off LPG vapor from storage, whether from bulk storage, cylinders or even non-refillable cartridges, the liquid will begin to vaporize but will need latent heat to do so. It will take this heat from itself, and the container, and both will cool. As the LPG liquid cools its pressure must fall. Equilibrium will be obtained when the heat flow from the ambient air equals the demand for latent heat. 

A Code of Practice for the Bulk Storage of Liquid Oxygen at Production Sites (HSE, 1977)... 

Vertical cylindrical tanks, with flat bases and conical roofs, are universally used for the bulk storage of liquids at atmospheric pressure. Tank sizes vary from a few hundred gallons (tens of cubic metres) to several thousand gallons (several hundred cubic metres). 

This is used in manufacture of brake linings and is a polymer based on cashew nutshell liquid admixed with formaldehyde or furfuraldehyde and other ingredients. The polymerised resin mixture is cast into 8 cm thick slabs and then ground finely to produce the friction dust. Several fires have been experienced during bulk storage of the dust, attributed to autoxidation of the still partially unsaturated resin compound. Previously, linseed oil was used in place of the nutshell liquid, but fires were then more frequent. 

Diked ASTs Fire codes dictate flammable and combustible liquid tanks have spill control in the form of dike, remote impounding, or small secondary containment tanks. The dike must contain the content of the largest tank to prevent hazardous liquids from endangering the public and property. Traditional bulk storage systems will include multiple tanks within a concrete or earthen dike wall. 

There are a number of well-established systems for the aseptic packaging of liquids. Notable among these are those packs constructed, box form, in situ on the filling line from a cardboard, aluminium, plastic laminate sheet, such as TetraPak or Combi-box. In the TetraPak system, the packing material enters the filling machine from a feed roll the sheet contact surface is sterilised with warm hydrogen peroxide solution it is formed into a tube, and its lower end is heat-sealed across the width the tube is filled, sealed at the upper end, cut and then folded into a box shape. This produces a continuous output of filled cartons with premium utilisation of bulk storage capacity. 

---