Buffering agents sodium bicarbonate

The minimal salt medium was fed at a 4 day HRT and amended with 3 mM TCE, 2 mM lactate, 15 mM methanol, 5 mL L ATTC MD-VS vitamin supplement and 500 mg L Vitamin B12. A mixture of cysteine and sodium sulphide was used as a reducing agent, sodium bicarbonate was used as a buffer (pH 6.5 to 7.5) and temperature was kept at 30°C. No was added. Over 120 days, reductive dechlorination of TCE was sustained at influent concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, with 97% converted to ethene. The Dehalococcoides biomass concentration reached 10 cells E ... 

Wa.terBa.la.nce Chemicals. Water balance chemicals include muriatic acid, sodium bisulfate, and soda ash for pH control, sodium bicarbonate for alkalinity adjustment, and calcium chloride for hardness adjustment. A recent development is use of buffering agents for pH control. One of these products, sodium tetraborate, hydrolyzes to boric acid and a small amount of orthoborate (50) which provides significantly less buffering than carbonate and cyanurate alkalinity in the recommended pool pH range of 7.2—7.8 even at 100 ppm. 

Sodium bicarbonate is used as a leavening in breads, as a stomach antacid, as a buffering agent to adjust the acidity or alkalinity of a product, as a mild abrasive in toothpaste, and as an odor absorber. Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas. 

Buffers are necessary to adjust and maintain the pH. Buffering agents can be salts of a weak acid and a weak base. Examples are ammonium, potassium, sodium carbonates (caustic soda), bicarbonates, and hydrogen phosphates [1345]. Weak acids such as formic acid, fumaric acid, and sulfamic acid also are recommended. Common aqueous buffer ingredients are shown in Table 17-8. 

Dissolve the antibody to be biotinylated in 50 mM sodium bicarbonate, pH 8.5, at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Other buffers and pH conditions between pH 7 and 9 can be used as long as no amine-containing buffers like Tris are present. Avoid also the presence of disulfide reducing agents that can cleave the disulfide group of the biotinylation reagent. 

Sodium bicarbonate Buffer agent, isotonicity, pH adjustment, solubilizer, stabilizer iv, im, sc, is, ic, other inj. 

Additionally, sodium bicarbonate is used in solutions as a buffering agent for erythromycin, lidocaine, local anesthetic solutions, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions. In some parenteral formulations, e.g., niacin, sodium bicarbonate is used to produce a sodium salt of the active ingredient that has enhanced solubility. Sodium bicarbonate has also been used as a freeze-drying stabilizer and in toothpastes. 

Media are composed of a mixture of essential salts, nutrients, and buffering agents. Sterile media are usually purchased in solution. Alternatively, packaged premixed powders are available. Powdered media and concentrated formulations usually do not contain sodium bicarbonate... 

An example of a continuous aqueous dispersion process is shown in Figure 12.5 [92]. A monomer mixture composed of acrylonitrile and up to 10% of a neutral comonomer, such as methyl acrylate or vinyl acetate, is fed continuously. Polymerization is initiated by feeding aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate (oxidizer), sulfur dioxide (reducing agent), ferrous iron (promoter), and sodium bicarbonate (buffering agent). The aqueous and monomer feed... 

TRIS is one of the most common buffers used in the biology/biochemistry labs. It is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It is also an emulsifying agent and absorbent for acidic gases, alkalizer and osmotic diuretic. 

Sodium bisulfite is often preferred in pyro developers and in Phenidone concentrates (Appendix 3 Pharmacopoeia Phenidone). Sodium bisulfite3 is often used in formulas that are divided into two solutions, as its weak acidity helps to inhibit the oxidation of the concentrated developing agent. When carbonate, contained in the B solution, is added to make a working solution, the bisulfite is immediately broken down into sulfite and bicarbonate, producing a useful buffering effect. 

---