Buehler method

L. V. Buehler. Occlusive patch method for skin sensitization in guinea pigs The Buehler method. Food Chem. Toxicol. 32 97-101 (1994). 

Shah, B.V., Buehler, R.J., Kempthome, ft The Method of Parallel Tangents (PARTAN) for Finding an Optimum, Technical Report No. 2, Office of Naval Research, Contract NONR 530(05), Statistical Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Apr. 1961 (revised Aug. 1962). 

Buehler, E.V (1964). A new method for detecting potential sensitizers using the guinea pig. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 6 341. 

Thus, if the monochromator is set to a wavenumber of 650cm", the formation of the C—Br bond can be recorded as a function of time during a chemical reaction between bromine and an olefin. Buehler used this method to follow the bromine/octadecene reaction. It should be pointed out that the Raman scattering is a function of droplet size as well as composition, and unlike bulk Raman it is complicated by the morphological resonances... 

The studies of Tallin and Buehler indicate that microparticle spectroscopic techniques can be used to follow gas/microparticle chemical reactions. The use of morphological resonances to determine the refractive index of a reacting droplet has limited applicability because there must be a unique relationship between composition and refractive index to allow the method to be used to follow chemical reactions. Raman spectroscopy has broader applications, but one must deal with morphological resonances if droplets are... 

There are currently three OECD test guideline methods for test of skin sensitization in animals. These include the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test (GPMT), the Buehler test, and the murine Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA). 

Buehler et al. presented a preliminary study on formation of water from molecular oxygen and hydrogen using a series of atomistic simulations based on ReaxFF MD method.111 They described the dynamics of water formation at a Pt catalyst. By performing this series of studies, we obtain statistically meaningful trajectories that permit to derive the reaction rate constants of water formation. However, the method requires calibrations with either ab initio simulation results in order to correctly evaluate the energetics of OER on Pt. Thus, this method is system specific and less reliable than the ab initio methods and will not replace ab initio methods. Nevertheless, this work demonstrates that atomistic simulation to continuum description can be linked with the ReaxFF MD in a hierarchical multiscale model. 

Collomb, M., Buetikofer, U., Spahni, M. and Buehler, T. (1998a) Analysis of triglycerides. Comparison of methods of MLR, PLS and PCA regression for the determination of foreign fats in milk fat using capillary GC. Mitt. Gebiete Lebensm. Hyg., 89, 617-624. 

Buehler EV (1964) A new method for detecting potential sensitizers using the guinea pig. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 6 341 Center for Devices and Health (1999) Guidance for Industry and FDA Reviewers/Stuff Premarket notification [510(K)] Submission for Testing for Skin Sensitization to Chemicals in natural Rubber Production. U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, FDA... 

MODIFICATION OF THE METHOD Methods without using Adjuvans (Klecak 1983 Buehler 1965) are less sensitive and allow only a crude classification of the allergenic potential. 

Syndromic surveillance is a work in progress. There is a need for continued development of standardized signal detection methods and signal response protocols (Henning, 2004). Also, whereas reporting of patient information as part of traditional public health surveillance has been deemed exempt from the confidentiality guidelines in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), how those guidelines may be applicable to syndromic surveillance systems remains unclear (Buehler, 2004). 

There are several acceptable ways to evaluate DTH responses in nonclinical species. Of these, the most common are the guinea pig assays used to assess contact sensitization. Both the Magnusson and Kligman model (guinea pig maximization test) and the Buehler model measure the elicitation phase of the hypersensitivity response, though the tests vary in their methods of chemical application and utilization of adjuvants. Most recently, the local lymph node assay has been accepted as a stand alone test for chemical hypersensitivity. This assay is conducted in mice and measures the induction phase of sensitization. In humans, the most common methods to assess delayed hypersensitivity are the patch test (contact sensitivity for diagnostic purposes) and the human repeat insult patch test (contact sensitivity for predictive purposes). Additionally, intradermal... 

The GPMT of Magnusson and Kligman (which uses adjuvant) and the nonadjuvant Buehler test are given preference over other methods and these procedures are described in detail. 

The dose level will depend on the test method selected. In the Buehler test, the concentration of the induction dose should be high enough to cause... 

All of the experimental data to be modeled in this work utilized a-Al203 (Buehler LTD, Evanston, IL). This oxide has been subjected to previous SCM surface characterization (Honeyman, 1984 Hayes et al., 1991 Katz, 1993 Katz Hayes, 1995a) and has similar sorption properties to other aluminum oxide minerals. The surface area of the material was determined to be 12.6 x IO3 m2 kg-1 using I he N2 BET method. 

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