Sulfur global budget

Figure 13-6a (Ivanov, 1983) is a depiction of the natural global sulfur budget. Figure 13-6b depicts the budget with natural and anthropogenic sources. Table 13-2 serves to explain Fig. 13-6 and includes the wide range of estimates of various fluxes, and demonstrates the degree of uncertainty inherent in such approaches.

The first report of DMS in the ocean appeared in 1972 (22.)- The authors suggested that DMS might be more important than H2S as a biogenic sulfur source for balancing the global sulfur budgets. Preliminary estimates of DMS sea-to-air flux based on the limited data were made by Liss and Slater (741. 

My presentation here on the global sulfur budget has been very much facilitated as I earlier this year received from Professor M.V. Ivanov a monograph (not yet published in English) with the following title The global biogeochemical sulfur cycle and influence on it of human activity ( ). 

In a paper from 1978 (Atm. Env. Vol. 12), H. Rhode points out that making estimates of the global sulfur budget can be formulated as seeking answers to the following two questions earlier presented in a paper by Kellog et al. (Science 17, pp. 587-596, 1972) ... 

Fig. 1. The global sulfur budget. (Figures in brackets indicate anthropogenic contributions).

The total global sulfur budget and the transfer processes of sulfur... 

Using the data in the Tables 6-11 and also data concerning the liquid and solid phases and with the application of the model in Fig. 1, the authors of the monograph have finally arrived at an estimation of the total global sulfur budget. It is presented in Figure 2. 

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the dominant sulfur compound emitted from the world s oceans. DMS was discovered in the surface ocean by Lovelock et al. (1972), who suggested that DMS may be the biogenic sulfur species that was needed at the time to balance the global sulfur budget. 

Varhelyi, G. (1985) Continental and global sulfur budgets-I. Anthropogenic SO2 emissions. 

The production of volatile reduced sulfur compounds in marine ecosystems and the subsequent efflux of these compounds to the marine atmospheric boundary layer is an important source of sulfur to the global atmosphere (1). Independent of its role in the atmospheric sulfur budget, Charlson et al. (2) have suggested that dimethylsulfide (DMS) also plays a major role in cloud formation over oceans. Oxidation products of DMS appear to serve as sites for cloud nucleation. 

DMS emission fluxes from Antarctic inshore waters may be important for the tropospheric sulfur budget of Antarctica during summer. The contribution of the Southern Ocean to the global atmospheric sulfur budget (ca. 0.2 Tmol yr1) is consistent with present estimates of the total global DMS emission from the world s oceans (0.5-1.2 Tmol yr1). 

THE SULFUR BUDGET OF THE OCEANIC GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE (1980) TOTAL MASS OF SULFUR 0.765 Tg RESIDENCE TIME 1.0 Day... 

THE SULFUR BUDGET OF THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE. PREINDUSTRIAL ERA - OCEANIC PART ... 

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