Global Budget

Stedman, D. H. and Shelter, R. E. (1983). The global budget of atmospheric nitrogen species. In "Trace Atmospheric Constituents" (S. E. Schwartz, ed.). Wiley, New York. 

Melnikov, N.B. O neill, B.C., 2006. Learning about the carbon cycle from global budget data. Geophysical Resear Letters, 33, doi 10.1029/2005GL023935. 

Schlesinger WH, Hartley AE. 1992. A global budget for atmospheric NH3. Biogeochemistry 15 191-211. 

Figure 8.24a, for example, shows the FTIR spectrum before the photolysis of mixtures of DMS in air with h2o2 as the OH source and the residual spectrum after 5 min of photolysis (Barnes et al., 1996). The reactants, as well as the product S02 have been subtracted out in Fig. 8.24b. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well as dimethyl sulfone, CH3S02CH3 (DMS02), and small amounts of COS are observed as products. DMSO is so reactive that it is rapidly converted into DMS02 in this system and hence both are observed in Fig. 8.24b. However, Barnes and co-workers calculate that the DMSO yield corrected for secondary oxidation is about the same as the fraction of the OH-DMS reaction that proceeds by addition under these conditions, i.e., that the major fate of the adduct is reaction (47). Turnipseed et al. (1996) measured the yield of H02 from reaction (47) to be 0.50 + 0.15 at both 234 and 258 K, suggesting that there are other reaction paths than (47) as well. The mechanism of formation of COS is not clear but may involve the oxidation of thioformaldehyde (H2C=S). The implications for the global budget of COS are discussed by Barnes et al. (1994b, 1996).

Figure 10.6 Global budget of N in the coastal zone (fluxes are in 1012 g N yr 1). = More recent estimates of denitrification in estuaries and continental shelf sediments range from 200 to 300 Tg N y-1 (Seitzinger and Giblin, 1996 Codispoti et al., 2001). (From Wollast, 1993, with permission.)...

The role of oceanic emissions in the global budget of atmospheric NHj 6. Outlook... 

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