Budget ecosystem

Cole, J.J. Prairie, Y.T. et al. 2007. Plumbing the global carbon cycle Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget. Ecosystems, 10, 171-184. 

The most common way in which the global carbon budget is calculated and analyzed is through simple diagrammatical or mathematical models. Diagrammatical models usually indicate sizes of reservoirs and fluxes (Figure 1). Most mathematical models use computers to simulate carbon flux between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, and between oceans and the atmosphere. Existing carbon cycle models are simple, in part, because few parameters can be estimated reliably. 

K. Paustian, O. Andren, M. Clarholm, A-C. Hansson, G. Johan.sson, J. Lagerlof, T. Lindberg, R. Pettersson, and B. Sohlenius, Carbon and nitrogen budgets of four agro-ecosystems with annual and perennial crops, with and without N fertilization, J. Appl. Ecol. 27 60 (1990). 

Developing appropriate models of arsenic cycling and budgets in natural ecosystems. 

This paper presents an estimate of the C02 sink by carbonate dissolution, GWC and photosynthetic uptake of DIC by aquatic ecosystems, and suggests a new direction in balancing the global C budget. 

Liu et al. (2008) for the current global flux of 0.13 Pg C yr1 to the continental aquatic ecosystem. In effect, based on the above estimates, the flux of C to groundwater could account for 2% to 12% of the missing carbon sink in the global carbon budget. 

Table 5. Averaged trace element mass budget for Spruce Forest ecosystems, Karelia, Russia (after Dobrovolsky, 1994).

The distribution and mass budget of chemical species in the Oak Forest ecosystem have been studied in Hungary. The principal timber species is Quercurs petraea, accounting for 78% of the wood mass Quercus cents accounts for 22%. The shrubs are chiefly represented by Acer campestre and Cornus max, and the grass by the genera Carex, Dactylis, and Poa. 

Shindo, J. (1998). Model application for assessing the ecosystem sensitivity to acidic deposition based on soil chemistry changes and nutrient budgets. In V.N Bashkin and S-U. Park (Eds.). Acid Deposition and Ecosystem Sensitivity in East Asia, Nova Science Publishers, Ltd., pp. 312— 334. 

Nguyen, M.L., Haynes, R.J. and Goh, K.M. 1995. Nutrient budgets and status in three pairs of conventional and alternative mixed cropping farms in Canterbury, New Zealand. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 52 149-162. 

Harrison, W.G., Eppley, R.W. and Renger, E.H., 1977. Phytoplankton nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen budgets, and observations on copper toxicity controlled ecosystem pollution experiment. Bull. Mar. Sci., 27 44-57. 

Campbell, J. L., J. W. Hornbeck, W. H. McDowell, D. C. Buso, J. B. Shanley, and G. E. Likens. 2000. Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland forested ecosystems in New England. Biogeochemistry 49 123-142. 

In the following section, we discuss three classes of tracers that have recently proved useful for assessing sources of DOC and in constructing both DOC and DON budgets for aquatic ecosystems. Measurements of these tracers could be combined with measurements of the established lignin and carbohydrate tracers in a field study. Our intent is to provide related examples rather than a thorough literature review of each class of tracer. 

Vitousek, P. M., L. O. Hedin, P. A. Matson, J. H. Fownes, and J. Neff. 1998. Within-system element cycles, input-output budgets, and nutrient limitation. In Successes, Limitations and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science (M. L. Pace, and P. M. Groffman, Eds.), pp. 432-451. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

In this chapter, we develop a simple model that predicts the maximum possible heterotrophic organic N formation as a function of the importance of allochthonous carbon inputs. We then review data from the literature on the relative importance of heterotrophic organic N formation in aquatic systems. This material is presented in a landscape context, following a flow path of organic matter from streams to the open ocean. We consider a variety of evidence to look at heterotrophic organic N formation, including enhancement of decomposition by N additions and ecosystem budgets. We rely, however, primarily on data from 15N addition studies to quantify the... 

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