Breast tumors luminal

In preclinical models of postmenopausal osteoporosis, lasofoxifene inhibited bone turnover and prevented bone loss throughout the skeleton (Maeda et al. 2004). The primary indication of lasofoxifene is the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In preclinical models, lasofoxifene inhibited breast tumor formation and reduced serum cholesterol (Maeda et al. 2004). Lasofoxifene-treated animals did not differ from ovariectomized controls with respect to endometrial thickness and superficial and basal endometrial gladular epithelial luminal area (Maeda et al. 2004 Ke et al. 2004). 

A double immunohistochemical method has been used for determining the expression patterns of ER, PR, and EGF receptors in breast biopsies (Van Agthoven et al., 1994). It was demonstrated that ER/PR and EGF receptors in breast tumor cells were inversely related at the single cell level. However, the expression of these three receptors in individual normal luminal cells was not mutually exclusive. 

The LUMB tumors (corresponding molecular class luminal B) constitute 16% of all breast tumors. They comprise both ductal and lobular types and are generally moderately differentiated. The lobular LUMB tumors also contain both classic and pleomorphic types. 

As regards malignant tumors, K8 and K18 (and also K7 and K19) are expressed in most breast carcinomas (breast carcinomas of luminal phenotype luminal-type breast carcinomas) as the only keratins. Most of these tumors express estrogen receptor alpha and comprise about 90% of all cases of breast cancer most breast carcinomas therefore constitutively express the classical glandular keratins K7, K8,... 

Recently we crossed the MMTV-Cre HIF-la floxed conditional deletion model to the MMTV-PyMT transgenie mouse. This model was chosen since tumors produeed by the MMTV-PyMT model have been shown to faithfully mimie the pathology of breast eaneers [63], and more recently, the luminal subtype of breast cancer [64]. In addition, all nulliparous PyMT transgenic... 

Kouros-Mehr H, Bechis SK, Slorach EM, Littlepage LE, Egeblad M, Ewald AJ, Pai SY, Ho IC, Werb Z. GATA-3 links tumor differentiation and dissemination in a luminal breast cancer model. Cancer Cell 2008 13 141-152. 

The classification of human tumors using DNA microarray technology has been an area of intense research in the last decade. For example, many studies have consistently shown that breast cancer can be molecularly classified into at least four subtypes the basal-like subtype, the ERBB2-like subtype, and luminal-like subtypes A and B. Importantly, the newly defined molecular subgroups have distinct clinical outcomes and responses to therapy [48],... 

The causes for ureteric obstruction are best divided into intra-luminal lesions, pathology affecting the wall of the ureter, and extrinsic causes. The commonest malignant primary tumor of the ureter is transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Patients with ureteric TCC frequently have a previous history of TCC elsewhere in the urinary tract. Squamous carcinoma and metastases (classically from melanoma, uncommonly from breast or bronchus) are rare. 

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