Brazil nuts

Nuts and Nut Products. Nuts are used mainly as edible products and marketed either with or without the shell, as the demand requites. The most popular nuts ia the shell are English walnut, filbert, almond, Brazil nut, peanut, pistachio, and the improved, or paper-shell, pecan the most popular salted and roasted nut kernels iaclude these as well as the cashew, macadamia, and pignofla. Each year more nuts are shelled ia ceatraHy located plants and marketed as meats. The annual per capita consumption of shelled tree nuts ia the United States rose from 0.78 kg in 1987 to 1.00 kg in 1992 (132). 

A process has been developed (139) whereby up to 80% of the oil can be removed from whole, raw peanuts without the use of solvent. In this process, the blanched peanuts are brought to a proper moisture content, pressed mechanically, and then reshaped or reconstituted by dipping in hot water subsequently they can be roasted and salted, or used in confections or other formulations. Defatted peanuts may also be ground into meal and added to cookies, cakes, and many other products, where they impart a distinctly nutty flavor and cmnchy texture. On the other hand, the resulting high grade oil is refined and employed in cooking and industrial products. This process can also be used for pecans, walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, and other nuts (140-142). 

Para.-nuss,/. Brazil nut. -nussol, n. Brazil-nut cal. -phtalsaure, /. paraphthalic acid, -rot,... 

S albumins are highly allergic, small molecule storage proteins present in many seeds, such as sesame, castor bean, sunflower, oriental and yellow mustard, as well as in Brazil nuts and walnuts (Pastorello et al., 2001). 

If it is required to perform the determination by digestion and distillation, refer to Method 5.6b. Determination of organic plus ammonium-N by digestion and distillation, but use 2 g oven-dry plant sample ground to 1 mm. Also, for the calculation, multiply the sample titre minus blank titre by 0.35 to give the % N in the sample. Multiply the % N by 6.25 to get the % crude protein. This assumes there are 160 g N kg- plant protein. Traditional factors for other products are almonds, 5.18 brazil nuts and peanuts, 5.46 coconuts and tree nuts, 5.30 dairy products, 6.38 wheat, 5.7. Note about 20% of any nitrate present will be included. 

Edestin from Hemp Seed. (Abderhalden Kossel and Patten Schulze and Winterstein.) Edestin from Cotton Seed. (Abderhalden and Rostoski.) Edestin from Sunflower Seed. (Abderhalden and Reinbold.) Cryst. Globulin from Pumpkin Seed. (Abderhalden and Berghausen.) Cryst. Globulin from Squash Seed. (Osborne and Clapp Osborne and Gilbert.) Excelsin from Brazil Nut. (Osborne and Clapp.)... 

Example Fluorimetric Assay of Selenium in Brazil Nuts... 

Blrt Standard addition. Selenium from 0.108 g of Brazil nuts was converted into the fluorescent products in Reaction 18-15. which was extracted into 10.0 mL of cyclohexane. Then 2.00 mL of the cyclohexane solution was placed in a cuvet for fluorescence measurement. Standard additions of fluorescent product containing 1.40 rg Se/mL are given in the table below. Construct a standard addition graph like Figure 5-6 to find the concentration of Se in the 2.00-mL unknown solution. Find the wt% of Se in the nuts and its uncertainty and 95% confidence interval. 

The trees of this family, found especially in the rain forests of South America, yield timber and the familiar Brazil nuts. 

Method. The sample is spotted on to a TLC plate (silica gel) followed by 2 d of a solution of TFA (50% in chloroform, prepared fresh each day). The reaction is allowed to proceed for 5 min, after which time the plate is dried with a stream of nitrogen or air. The plate is then developed with chloroform—acetone (in various ratios such as 9 1 or 4 1), benzene-ethanol-water (43 35 19) or ethyl acetate-methanol-water (96 3 1). The plate is removed from the tank and dried in the dark. The spots are observed visually under UV light at long wavelength. The derivative of aflatoxin Bt appears blue, while the derivative of aflatoxin Gi is green. This confirmation technique has been applied to peanuts, brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, walnuts, barley, corn and other foods. 

Rats that ate barium chloride as a component of Brazil nuts showed an accumulation in the skeleton (Stoewsand et al. 1988). Rats that were given various barium compounds in the drinking water showed distribution to the heart > eye > skeletal muscle > kidney > blood > liver. The skeleton was not examined (McCauley and Washington 1983). 

Seaber WM. 1933. Barium as a normal constituent of Brazil nuts. Analyst 58 575-580. 

Stoewsand GS, Anderson JL, Rutzke M, et al. 1988. Deposition of barium in the skeleton of rats fed Brazil nuts. Nutr Rep Int 38 259-262. 

No, I reply. I go on to tell them about an experiment in which a known allergen (a protein from the Brazil nut) was engineered into soybean. The new GE variety induced production of reactive antibodies in human sera of in individuals previously known to be allergic to Brazil nuts (Nordlee et al. 1996). This variety of GE soybeans was never field-tested nor commercialized for chicken feed as originally intended, partly because comprehensive safety evaluation of this GE crop revealed this adverse effect prior to commercialization. 

Nuts, i.e., almonds (Amygdalus communis L.), hazelnuts (Corylus avel-lana), walnuts (Juglans regia), cashews (Anacardium occidentale), pecan nuts (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch), Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera), macadamia nuts and Queensland nuts (Macadamia ternifolia), and products thereof, except nuts used for making distillates or ethyl alcohol... 

In this BN rat model also various purified weak-, strong- or nonallergenic proteins, based on human experience, have been tested in order to study the relative allergenicity of the selected proteins. In these BN rat studies, 2S albumin purified from Brazil nut (Ber el), a peanut allergen (Ara h 1) purified from peanut, shrimp tropomyosin (Pen al), beef tropomyosin (nonallergenic), and patatin (Sol tl) purified from potatoes were used. These purified proteins were tested in the BN rat model as it was done for OVA using daily gavage with 1 mg of each of the test proteins for 42... 

There are about 15 kinds of nuts known to potentially cause allergy. Nuts are defined as dry fruit from more than one pistil they grow on trees which may be phylogeneti-cally very distant. In the case of peanut, they belong to the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family, of almond and pistachio to Rosaceae, of Brazil nut to Lecithidaceae, and of hazelnut to Corylaceare family. 

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