Brain neuroblasts

Siller, K.H. Serr, M. Steward, R. Hays, T.S. Doe, C.Q. (2005). Live imaging of Drosophila brain neuroblasts reveals a role for Lisl/dynactin in spindle assembly and mitotic checkpoint control. Mol Biol Cell Vol. 16(11), pp. 5127-40. 

Radial aim of mitoses in domains 8 9 internalizes gut precursors and brain neuroblasts (80-90 min). 

Saito Y, Sharer LR, Epstein LG, Michaels J, Mintz M, Louder M, Golding K, Cvetkovich TA, Blumberg BM (1994) Overexpression of nef as a marker for restricted HIV-1 infection of astrocytes in postmortem pediatric central nervous tissues. Neurology 44 474-481 Sargeant TJ, Day DJ, Mrkusich EM, Eoo DE, Miller JH (2007) Mu opioid receptors are expressed on radial glia but not migrating neuroblasts in the late embryonic mouse brain. Brain Res 1175 28-38... 

Edgar We have looked at proliferating neuroblasts in the brain. When we coculture the brain with fat body those cells proliferate, but when we express activated ras in them without fat body, they don t proliferate. 

A neuropathy caused by clioquinol (iodochlorohydroxyquin, chinoform) and enhanced by the formation of a clioquinol ferric chelate which initiates lipid peroxidation, leads to complete degeneration of retinal neuroblasts within a day. Vitamin E has a potent protective action against the effects of the chelate [75]. Peroxidative damage to DNA in rat brain, induced by methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, a potent initiator of lipid peroxidation, was inhibited by addition of vitamin E to the diet of rats [76]. 

KaplanMS (1983) Proliferation of subependymal cells in the adult primate CNS differential uptake of DNA labelled precursors. J Hirnforsch 24 23-33 Kaplan MS, Bell DH (1983) Neuronal proliferation in the 9-month-old rodent— radio autographic study of granule cells in the hippocampus. Exp Brain Res 52 1-5 Kaplan MS, Bell DH (1984) Mitotic neuroblasts in the 9-day-old and 11-month-old rodent hippocampus. J Neurosci 4 1429-1441... 

Monomeric high-affinity IL-4 receptors (CD 124) are found on T and B cells, macrophages, mast cells, muscle cells, neuroblasts, stromal cells (brain and bone marrow), myeloid cells, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells, NK cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial and endothelial celis. About 300 IL-4 receptors per cell are found on B and T lymphocytes, a number that increases to 100 to 1000 receptors per cell with cell maturation and activation. ... 

Nornes, H.O. and Das, G.D. (1974) Temporal pattern of neurogenesis in spinal cord of rat. I. An autoradiographic study-time and sites of origin and migration settling patterns of neuroblasts. Brain Res. Ti 121-138. 

The cultured cells that we have been studying are immature and may therefore be models for the developing brain rather than the mature brain. The mouse neuroblastoma cells, however, can be induced to differentiate by exposure to 0.5mM sodium butyrate (Fig 7). This causes an increase in cytoplasm nucleus ratio, neurite outgrowth and induction of tyrosine hydroxylase and other enzymes. As shown in Fig 8, butyrate caused an increase in T3 uptake at 2 hours. The initial (l min) uptake was also increased. The apparent Ka of nuclear binding in intact cells with the finding that the apparent affinity of the nuclear receptor was decreased by butyrate but the Ka in isolated nuclei was not affected. The apparent inconsistency of an increased intracellular transport but a decreased intracellular free T/ concentration is unexplained. As described by others in developing rats and in cultured rat glial cells we also found that neuroblast differentiation was accompanied by an increase in nuclear receptor number. 

In fetal lambs the T3 receptor concentration increases 2.6-fold from the 50th day to the 82d day of gestation. From 82 to 100 days, the concentration remained constant [54]. In these different species, the changes in receptor numbers correspond to critical periods of brain development (neuroblast proliferation, synaptogenesis). 

Early effects of T3 on neuroblast division and differentiation occur before the neural apparatus for processing thyroid hormones has developed. The period of thyroid hormone-dependent nerve cell specialization occurs later, during the so-called critical period, coinciding with the elaboration of a T3-processing neural system. In the differentiated brain there is now evidence compatible with a role for T3 in maintaining neural plasticity and intercellular communication through a transsynaptic mechanism. 

J. Dobbing, J. Sands, Timing of neuroblast multiplication in developing human brain. Nature, 226 639-640 (1970). 

Although mitotic chromosome preparations can be obtained from embryonic and gonial cells of both sexes, the tissue that provides the best mitotic figures is the larval brain. This tissue contains two major types of dividing cells the neuroblasts and the ganglion mother... 

---