Brain microvascular endothelial cells

Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Mathura VS, Patel N, Quadros A, Laporte V, et al. Anti-angiogenic activity of the mntant Dntch A(beta) peptide on human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005 136 212-30. 

Nakamuta S, Endo H, Higashi Y, Kousaka A, Yamada H, Yano M, Kido H (2008) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gpl20-mediated disruption of tight junction proteins by induction of proteasome-mediated degradation of zonula occludens-1 and -2 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Neurovirol 14 186-195... 

Dzenko KA, Song L, Ge S, et al. CCR2 expression by brain microvascular endothelial cells is critical for macrophage transendothelial migration in response to CCL2. Microvasc Res 2005 90(l-2) 53-64. 

Freshly isolated or subcultured brain microvascular endothelial cells offer a notable in vitro tool to study drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Cells can be grown to monolayers on culture plates or permeable membrane supports. The cells retain the major characteristics of brain endothelial cells in vivo, such as the morphology, specific biochemical markers of the blood-brain barrier, and the intercellular tight junctional network. Examples of these markers are y-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, von-Willebrandt factor-related antigen, and ZO-1 tight junctional protein. The methods of... 

Figure 2.5. Setup for in vitro measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability with a co-culture of bovine brain microvascular endothelial cells (BBMEC) and an astro ioma cell line, C6. The BBMEC are grown on top of a filter insert. The C6 cells are either grown on the opposite side of the filter or on the bottom of the wells. Transport across the BBMEC monolayer is measured by adding the test substance to the upper chamber and sampling from the lower chamber. The tightness of the monolayer is also characterized by the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Courtesy of T. Abbruscato.

II.I.l.l.l Primary Cultures of Porcine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.. 522... 

II.1.1.1.2 Cocultures of Bovine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Rat Astrocytes 525... 

Vadeboncoeur N, Segura M, Al-Numani D, Vauier G, Gottschalk M (2003) Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release by human brain microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 35 49-58. 

Mackic JB, Stins M, McComb JG, Calero M, Ghiso J, et al. 1998. Human blood-brain barrier receptors for Alzheimer s amyloid-beta 1-40. Asymmetrical binding, endocytosis, and transcytosis at the apical side of brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayer. J. Clin. Invest. 1024 734 13... 

In experimentally induced brain focal ischaemia, the upregulation of ICAM-1 and the induction of E- and P-selectm1719 is believed to result from the activity of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are produced by the ischaemic brain20-21 or by the reoxygenation of microvascular endothelial cells.22 There is a direct association between increased expression of ICAM-1 andE-selectin,19-23 the appearance of inflammatory cytokines,20 and the degree of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell infiltration into ischaemic tissue. Moreover, cultured murine brain microvascular endothelial cells stimulated with IL-1 () or TNF-a express E-selectin and ICAM-1 and support neutrophil adhesion.24... 

Fabry, Z., Waldschmidt, M. M., Hendrickson, D., Keiner, J., Love-Homan, L., Takei, F., and Hart, M. N., Adhesion molecules on murine brain microvascular endothelial cells expression and regulation of ICAM-1 andLgp55,J. Neuroimmunol., 36,1,1992. 

Unkmeir A, Latsch K, Dietrich G, Wintermeyer E, Schinke B, Schwender S et al. (2002) Fibronectin mediates Opc-dependent internalization of Neisseria meningitidis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Microbiol 46 933-946... 

Prasadarao, N.V., Wass, C.A., Weiser, J.N., Stins, M.F., Huang, S.H. and IGm, K.S.., 1996, Outer membrane protein A of Escherichia coli contributes to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infect. Immun. 64 146-153. 

Slanina H, Schmutzler M, Christodoulides M et al (2012) Effective plasmid DNA and smaU interfering RNA delivery to diseased hiunan brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 22 245-257. doi 10.1159/000342909... 

Chen C, Mei H, Shi W et al (2013) EGFP-EGFl-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles for targeted delivery of siRNA into injured brain microvascular endothelial cells for efficient RNA interference. PLoS One 8 e60860. doi 10.1371/joumal.pone.0060860... 

Folin, M. Baiguera, S. Fioravanzo, L. Conconi, M. X. Grandi, C. Nussdorfer, G. G. Parnigotto P. P. Caspase-8 activation and oxidative stress are involved in the cytotoxic effect of beta-amyloid on rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2006,17, 431 35. 

Lee, T. H., Avraham, H., Lee, S. H., and Avraham, S. (2002). Vascular endothelial growth factor modulates neutrophil transendothelial migration via up-regulation of interleukin-8 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10445-10451. 

Figure 4. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells demonstrating differentiation in vitro. Left panel shows cells at original magnification of 40x. Right panel shows a zoomed area of the left panel, original magnification= lOOx.

Schubert-Unkmeir A, Konrad C, Slanina H, Czapek F, HebUng S, Frosch M. Neisseria meningitidis induces brain microvascular endothelial cell detachment from the matrix and cleavage of occludin a role for MMP-8. PLoS Pathog. 2010 6(4) el000874. 

Since the first attempts in the 1970s to isolate cerebral microvessel endothelial cells (CECs) in order to model the BBB in vitro, the need for a human BBB model that closely mimics the in vivo phenotype and is reproducible and easy to grow has been widely recognized by cerebrovascular researchers in both academia and industry [22]. While primary human CECs would ideally be the model of choice, the paucity of available fresh human cerebral tissue makes wide-scale studies impractical. The brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 represents one such model of the human BBB that can be easily grown and is amenable to cellular... 

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