Brain cells in culture

Analysis of the Two Forms of Enhancer Regulation on Isolated Brain Cells in Culture... 

BPAP also proved to be a proper experimental tool for detecting the presence and analyzing the nature of enhancer regulation on single brain cells in culture. 

This view was substantiated by studies with (-)-BPAP on single brain cells in culture (a) two studies on glial cells (Ohta et al. 2002 Shimazu et al. 2003), (b) a study on mesencephalic neurons (Knoll et al. 1999), and (c) two studies on cortical neurons (Hamabe et al. 2000, and see Figs. 3.12 and 3.13 in the present study). 

Barnea, A., Cho, G., Hajibeigi, A., Aguila, M.C. Magni, P. (1991) Dexamethasone-induced accumulation of neuropeptide-Y by aggregating fetal brain cells in culture A process dependent on the developmental age of aggregates. Endocrinology 129, 931 938. 

MIC caused dose-dependent necrosis of rat brain cells in culture (Anderson et al., 1990) these findings show that MIC can exert its effects even in liquid media. 

Davila-Garcia Ml, Houghtling RA, Qasba SS, Kellar KJ (1999) Nicotinic receptor binding sites in rat primary neuronal cells in culture characterization and their regulation by chronic nicotine. Mol Brain Res 66 14-23... 

Propanc sultone causes DNA damage and mutation in bacteria and induces mitotic recombination in yeast. It induces mutations and chromosomal aberrations in plant cells. In cultured mammalian cells, it induces chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and, according to single studies, cell transfonnation in C3H lOT /z cells, but not in Syrian hamster embryo cells. DNA strand breaks are induced in brain cells from rats injected with 1,3-propane sultone. 

Chattopadhyay, S., Bhaumik, S., Nag Chaudhury, A. and Das Gupta, S. (2002) Arsenic induced changes in growth development and apoptosis in neonatal and adult brain cells in vivo and in tissue culture. Toxicology Letters, 128(1-3), 73-84. 

Sucher N. J., Lei S. Z., and Lipton S. A. (1991). Calcium channel antagonists attenuate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity of retinal ganglion cells in culture. Brain Res. 297 297-302. 

NGF is another factor purified from mouse submaxillary glands, and it can also be obtained from bovine brain and placenta. NGF is not a potent mitogenic agent, but it induces differentiation and increases the survival of sympathetic neurons and PC 12 cells in culture. 

In studies on the effects of polymers on cells in culture only a few human and mouse cell types were used. Organisms contain a very large variety of cells that differ in their interaction with soluble macromolecules. Some cells, like macrophages and the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, have very active endocytosis, whereas other cells, e.g., fibroblast, endocytose only to a minimal extent. Of course, this complicates the interpretation of the results of in vivo studies. Furthermore, the organism has several supracellu-lar barriers to polymer penetration, e.g., the barrier between the content of the alimentary tract and blood and the barrier between blood and brain. Such barriers are practically impenetrable to polymers. 

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