BPEO

BEST PRACTICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL OPTION (bpeo) Organizations may be eneouraged to undertake systematie deeision proeesses with a view to seeking the BPEO that provides the most benefit (or least damage) to the environment, at an aeeeptable eost. 

In the UK the Environmental Proteetion Aet 1990 established an interloeking framework for pollution eontrol. Integrated Pollution Control (IPC) introdueed a new approaeh with waste minimization at its eentre and a eommitment to higher environmental standards. The latter is based upon seleetion of the Best Praetieal Environmental Option (BPEO), i.e. ... 

Local autliority control of au pollution covers a second tier of less-polluting processes. Incinerators for waste chemicals, or waste plastic arising from their manufacture, and other waste incinerators dependent upon size are, however, subject to both the BATNEEC and BPEO requirements under the IPC regime. 

It must include an assessment to demonstrate that the process represents the BPEO. 

Specific attention is given to auditing for compliance with legislation, including the requirements of IPC, BATNEEC and BPEO. 

This act completely reformed arrangements for controlling pollution at national and local levels and created a complete interlocking framework for pollution control. It introduced integrated pollution control (IPC), a new approach with waste minimization at its centre and a commitment to higher environmental standards via the concept of the best practical environmental option (BPEO). The reform of waste disposal is designed to minimize waste and maximize recycling. 

Gadelle et al. (1995) investigated the solubilization of various aromatic solutes irbfftRSS-b-PEO (ABA)/PPO-bPEO-bPPO (BAB) triblock copolymers. According to the experimental results, they indicated two different solubilization processes. To understand better the mechanism for solubilization in the polymeric surfactant solutions, it was postulated that (1) the addition of apolar solutes promotes micellization of the polymeric surfactant molecules, (2) the central core of the polymeric micelles contains some water molecules, and (3) solubilization is initially a replacement process in which water molecules are displaced from the micellar core bythesolubilizate. Adetailed discussion of the solubilization process can be found in the next section and the pharmaceutical application section of this chapter. 

Size measurements can be done to study the interaction of polymeric micelles with biological media (Jones and Leroux, 1999). For instance, PERP -bPEO micelles were found to maintain their initial size in the presence of antibodies and bovine serum albumin, suggesting the apparent absence of interaction with plasma proteins (Kabanov et al., 1992). 

The RCEP 17th report also recommended that the UK Department of the Environment (UK DoE) press forward with studies to determine the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) for particular waste streams. This concept is important modem waste management and is worthy of further consideration at this point. 

BPEO was first defined in the UK in the fifth report of the RCEP (RCEP, 1976) as "the optimum combination of available methods of disposal so as to limit damage to the environment to the greatest extent achievable for a reasonable and acceptable total combined cost to industry and to the public purse". In it s twelfth report the RCEP (1988) emphasised that the BPEO is ... 

A further obstacle to the development of sustainable landfilling practices is the reliance on a strict waste management hierarchy (Qiapter 1), diat places landfill as a last resort measure. Waste mimimisation and recycling should, under most circumstances, remain the preferred waste management options, but once these possibilities have been exhausted, the choice of treatment/disposal route should be on the basis of the Best Practicable Environmental Option. This will equate with the most sustainable option. LandflU will almost certainly constitute BPEO for some waste streams, and for these wastes, landfill should be used as the preferred management option. 

Where a process is under investigation the inspectorate is empowered to set conditions to ensure that the best practicabie environmentai option (BPEO) is employed to control pollution. This is the cornerstone of the Environmental Protection Act. 

Environmental, Economic and BPEO Assessment Principles for Integrated Pollution Control, Consultation Document, HMIP (UK), April 1994. 

As in all cases a total assessment of the environmental impact of all aspects of the alternative is required to decide on the Best Available Technique (BAT) or Best Practical Environmental Option (BPEO). 

MOF windows. MOF Cu(L-asp)bpeo.s displays a porous 3D structure with saturated mononuclear copper nodes. Its monoprotonation leads to a new MOF of formula Cu(l-asp)bpeo.5(HCl)(H20) (Figure 9a). Unlike homogeneous aspartate complexes, protonation takes place at one of the carboxylic groups of aspartate, which is still bound to copper, generating a particularly acidic Brpnsted acid inside the pores. Methanolysis of propylene oxide and (2,3)-epoxybutane using this material shows moderate yields, but turnover numbers (TONs) drop to zero with the bulkier (2,3-epoxypropyl)-benzene, indicative of pore size selectivity. 

Fig. 39 Effect of comonomer type on cocrystallization at a cooling rate of 0.1 °C/min for blends with the same comonomer type. BPED blend of ethylene/1-dodecene copolymers, BPEO blend of ethylene/l-octene copolymers BPEH blend of ethylene/1-hexene copolymers, BPEP blend of ethjdene/propylene copolymers [67]...

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