Boron trifluoride-phenol complex

The reagent is a mixture of phenol, boron trifluoride-phenol complex, and xylene. Xylene is used as an inert reaction medium. The standard composition of the mixture (by volume) is listed below. 

The required volume of dry xylene is measured into a graduated cylinder and a portion is transferred to a reagent bottle. The appropriate amounts of liquified phenol and boron trifluoride-phenol complex are similarly measured out and quickly transferred to the same reagent bottle. After each of the additions, the cylinder is washed well with the remaining portion of the xylene... 

Coumarone—Indene Kesins. These should be called polyindene resins (17) (see Hydrocarbon resins). They are derived from a close-cut fraction of a coke-oven naphtha free of tar acids and bases. This feedstock, distilling between 178 and 190°C and containing a minimum of 30% indene, is warmed to 35°C and polymeri2ed by a dding 0.7—0.8% of the phenol or acetic acid complex of boron trifluoride as catalyst. With the phenol complex, tar acids need not be completely removed and the yield is better. The reaction is exothermic and the temperature is kept below 120°C. When the reaction is complete, the catalyst is decomposed by using a hot concentrated solution of sodium carbonate. Unreacted naphtha is removed, first with Hve steam and then by vacuum distillation to leave an amber-colored resin. It is poured into trays, allowed to cool, and broken up for sale. 

An alternative method of synthesizing the pyrazine compounds was described by Ghosh et al, and the synthesis is shown is Scheme 32 [78]. Reaction of a 1,2-dione (124) with a 1,2-diamine (125) to form an imine intermediate followed by spontaneous oxidation of the dihydropyrazine intermediate, formed the protected pyrazine compound 126. The free phenol 127 was obtained by removal of the methyl-protecting groups with a boron trifluoride-dimethyl sulfide complex. Similar compounds were prepared via the same method by Simoni et al. [79]. 

Typical reaction profile for the reaction of phenol with cyclohexene catalysed by supported boron trifluoride complex... 

The direct formation of racemic a-tocopherol from trimethylhydroquinone and isophytol occurs at low temperature in the presence of boron trifluoride or aluminum chloride (71JOC2910). It is important that the solvent should not be able to complex with the Lewis acid rather, it is the phenol-catalyst complex which is alkylated. 

Important aviation and motor alkylate gasoline processes are the jet-type sulfuric acid process, the Kellogg sulfuric acid autoref rigeration process, the UOP hydrofluoric acid process, and the Stratford effluent refrigeration process. Petrochemical alkylation includes various processes using as catalysts solid phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, hydrofluoric acid, boron trifluoride, and phenol and ether complexes of boron trifluoride (1). 

Other catalysts have been produced for the alkylation reaction and their commercial use is expected to expand. The phenol and ether complex forms of boron trifluoride are examples of such catalysts (1). 

Alkylphenol. Alkylphenol is a common surfactant intermediate used to produce alkylphenol ethoxylates. Phenol reacts with an olefin thermally without a catalyst but with relatively poor yields. Catalysts for the reaction include sulfuric acid p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), strong acid resins, and boron trifluoride (BF3). Of these, strong acid resins and BF3 are mostly widely used for the production of surfactant-grade alkylphenols. The most common alkylphenols are octylphenol, nonylphenol, and dodecylphe-nol. Mono nonylphenol (MNP) is by far the most common hydrophobe. It is produced by the alkylation of phenol with nonene under acid conditions. All commercially produced MNP is made with nonene based on propylene trimer. Because of the skeletal rearrangements that occur during propylene oligomerization, MNP is a complex mixture of branched isomers. 

Whereas the Friedel-Crafts alkylations require only catalytic quantities of the Lewis acidic AICI3 catalyst, Friedel-Crafts acylations of phenols require excess Lewis acids, due to the complex formation of the Lewis acids with the hydroxyl group . Boron trifluoride-phosphoryl chloride, in stoichiometric amounts, is used for the Fridel-Crafts reaction of phenol with /3,/S-dimethylacrylic acid to give the acrylophenone. ... 

The reaction of propargyl alcohols with dicobalt octacarbonyl to give the complex salts 148 (X = BF4 or PF6) and synthetic uses of the latter have been reviewed. The salts react with electron-rich aromatic compounds ArH, such as anisole, phenol or N,N-dimethylaniline, to yield substitution products 149 after oxidative demetallation with an iron(III) or cerium(I V) salt with j5-diketones or j -keto esters the corresponding propargyl-substituted compounds 150 are obtained k Acetone reacts in an analogous fashion to give 151. The action of the cobalt complexes 148 on allylsilanes 152 leads to enynes 153. Indole reacts with the complex 148 (R = H R = R = Me) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to give 154, which was converted into 155 by the action of iron(III) nitrate " ... 

Epoxy resins can also be cured by polycondensation with amino resins or phenolic resins. Epoxy resins can be polymerized with catalysts such as tertiary amines, boron trifluoride complexes, ferrocenes, and triarylsulfonium salts. 

Boron trtfluorlde forms complexes with ether, acidic acid, phenol, etc. Forms monohydrate and/or dIhydrate with substandard water. The cfihydrate is a corrosive liquid with melting point at 6 C. TLV is maximum and must not be exceeded. Lung edema symptoms usually develop several hours later and are aggravated by ph ical exertion rest and hospitalization essential. Do not spray leaking cylinder wittt water (to avoid corrosion). The boron trifluoride dltq rate has HI no. 80 and UN no. 2851. 

Preparation by reaction of acetic anhydride with 4-(3-phe-nylpropyl)phenol in the presence of boron trifluoride-acetic acid complex at 100° [2270],... 

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