Boiling water sterilization

B. Boiling water sterilized. The protocol remains the same as for Condition of Use A except that the highest test temperature is 100 °C (212 °F). 

Tyndalization, or fractional sterilization, is no longer considered acceptable for sterilization. Spores of vegetative organisms are the most difficult entities to destroy. In this procedure, rather than destroying the spores, spores are prompted to germinate and then destroyed by boiling water. 

Tomatoes are washed upon receipt at the processing plant. Canned tomatoes are peeled by dipping the tomatoes in boiling water or lye or by steam treatment and cut for the size of product to be canned. Tomato juice is added to the cans before closing. They are heated in a retort to achieve commercial sterility. 

Another way to preserve elderberries is by canning them. Add 1 Tbsp. of lemon juice to each quart of elderberries. Fill clean, sterilized jars, leaving 1/2 inch of head room. Add a thin syrup made by boiling 4 cups of water with 2 cups of sugar. Be sure to leave the 1/2-inch headroom. Put on clean lids with screw tops. Process in a boiling water bath (212 F°/100°C), pints for 15 minutes and quarts for 20 minutes. Remove the jars. Cool. Label and enjoy all winter. 

The resistance to moisture, hot water and steam is good, with no hydrolysis. The polyetherimides can withstand multiple steam sterilizations. After 10 000 h in boiling water, a PEI retains 95% of its tensile strength. PEI resists repeated cycles of exposure to pressurized steam alternating with periods of vacuum at room temperature. 

PE did not receive much commercial use until after the war when it was used in the manufacture of film and molded objects. PE film displaced cellophane in many applications being used for packaging produce, textiles, and frozen and perishable foods. This PE was branched and had a relatively low softening temperature, below 100°C, preventing its use for materials where boiling water was needed for sterilization. 

Human placental DNA. 10 mg/mL in sterile distilled water. Stir for 1-2 h, shear by passing through 18-gage needle, or sonicate Place m boiling water bath for 10 min Store m aliquot at —20°C... 

An autoclave is used to sterilize surgical equipment. It is far more effective than steam produced from boiling water in the open atmosphere because it generates steam at a pressure of 2 atm. Explain why an autoclave is such an efficient sterilization device. 

The NanoCis kit (TCK-17) consists of two vials, A and B. Vial A contains a sterile, pyrogen-free solution of ingredients. Vial B contains lyophilized sodium pyrophosphate and stannous chloride. Two milliliters of sterile water for injection are added to vial B to dissolve its content. Half a milliliter of solution B is transferred to vial A, and mixed well. Then, 1-2 ml of Tc eluate is added under aseptic conditions (not less than 370 MBq [10 mCi] to assure a specific activity of > 100 MBq/ml/0.15 mg). The reaction vial is placed into a boiling water bath for 15-30 min. After cooling, the labeled colloid is ready for use. 99mTc-(Re)-sulfide nanocolloid is a sterile, pyrogen-free, brown solution, suitable for subcutaneous (interstitial) injection. The pH is between 4.0 and 7.0 on pH paper. 

Canning is another method for storing mushrooms. Mushrooms preserved by canning must be carefully cleaned beforehand, precooked for 3 or 4 minutes in boiling water, then inserted into glass jars with a small amount of vinegar and sterilized in a pressure cooker. (Sterilization for mushrooms is usually 30-40 minutes at 10 psi. Consult a book on mushroom cookery for further information on canning mushrooms). Canned mushrooms, especially those that have been pickled, are preferred by many epicureans To those preserved by other means. 

Thioglycolate broth 3% thioglycolate broth (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) in sterile glass-distilled water. The bottle is placed in a boiling water bath to ensure complete dissolution of the powder. Autoclave the solution at 15 psi, 121°C for 15 min. Store at room temperature and use within 1 d. 

If in exceptional cases no sterilized vessels are available, glass bottles can be sterilized with boiling water. However, in this case care must be... 

In order to determine the colony count, 1 ml of water in each case is pipetted into a sterile Petri culture dish and mixed with sterile nutrient gelatine or sterile nutrient agar. Nutrient gelatine is liquefied in a water bath at 33 °C and cooled to about 30 C before pouring into the culture dish. Nutrient agar is liquefied in boiling water and cooled to 6 2 C... 

Dissolve in a boiling water bath and bring to volume with diluted juice. Sterilize by autoclaving. 

Dissolve components in a near-boiling water bath and bring to 1 L volume using distilled water. Dispense into test tubes (for slants) or appropriately sized Erlenmeyer flasks and sterilize by autoclaving. 

The goal of sterilization is to kill (or physically remove) 100% of the living microorganisms and their various resistant reproductive spores (mold conidiospores, yeast ascospores, bacterial endospores) as well. This is different from sanitation, which is a production concept, whereby the total cell count is reduced to an acceptably low number (likely zero). Sterilization of laboratory media and equipment may utilize exposure to conditions of high temperature (boiling water), or combined high temperature and pressure (autoclave), toxic chemicals, or physical removal (filtration). 

In the absence of an autoclave, laboratory hardware, such as used membrane-filter housings, and utensiles such as forceps, and so forth, may be sterilized by immersing them in boiling water for 20 min. 

Addition of preservatives Heating 30 min 100 °C over boiling water Filtration through bacterial-retentive membrane with the nominal pore size of 0.2 pm Use of sterile final container... 

Tables 10.18 and 10.19 summarise for preserved and non-preserved eye drops respectively the range of obvious combinations of methods, procedures, utensils and containers for small scale preparation for obtaining a sterile product. The presence of a preservative in the formulation makes heating at 100 °C during 30 min (over boiling water) much more effective (see Sect. 30.7) and is therefore an important parameter in the risk analysis.

Heating 30 min 100 °C (over boiling water) + membrane filtration Membrane filtration <0.2 pm Sterile solution of excipients Sterile solution of excipients -... 

---