Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Blood transfusion increased risk

Aprotinin. Aprotinin is a naturally occurring serine protease inhibitor, has found widespread applications either by the intravenous route or as a component of biological sealants, because of its ability to decrease blood loss, and, as a consequence, transfusion requirements. Anaphylactic reactions are mediated by IgG and IgE antibodies. The risk of anaphylactic reactions has been estimated between 0.5 and 5.8% when used intravenously during cardiac surgery, and at 5 for 100,000 applications when used as a biologic sealant [25]. Patients previously treated with this drug present an increased risk and any new administration should be avoided for at least 6 months following an initial exposure [25]. [Pg.186]

Blood transfusions also appear to increase the risks of recurrence and spread of certain cancers, and to reduce long-term survival following surgeryThis risk may again be lower when autologous rather than allogeneic blood is usedJ ... [Pg.336]

To date studies have shown that patients who develop Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease do not have a history of a higher rate of transfusion or treatment with blood products. Likewise, those who have received blood from donors who subsequently prove to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease do not acquire an increased risk. Furthermore, animal experiments have shown that blood and blood products are very low risk materials in transfer experiments from diseased to healthy animals. AH the same, certain authorities are now considering the exclusion of donors from families with known cases of classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. [Pg.539]

Recurrent episodes are common approximately 50% in one study, and are associated with mortality. Options for management of recurrence include observation, chronic transfusion, and splenectomy. Observation is common in adults because they tend to have milder episodes. Increased risk of invasive infection after splenectomy is a concern in young children. Chronic transfusion may allow delaying splenectomy and temporarily restore splenic function, but it is associated with its own risks. Splenectomy is probably indicated, even after a single sequestration crisis, if that event is life-threatening. Splenectomy should be considered after repetitive episodes, even if they are less serious. For children less than 2 years of age, chronic blood transfusions have been recommended to prevent sequestration and to delay splenectomy until the age of 2, when the risk of postsplenectomy septicemia is less. Finally, splenectomy should also be considered for patients with chronic hypersplenism. " ... [Pg.1869]

There is an association of pelvic fractures with multi-system injuries which can occur in over 50% of cases, the highest incidence is of additional skeletal injuries, but brain, abdominal and pulmonary lesions can occur. Retroperitoneal haemorrhage can cause significant hypovolaemic shock in adults. In children, retroperitoneal haematomas occur in over 40% of paediatric cases but significant blood loss requiring transfusion or operation is rare. There is an increased risk of haemorrhage associated with the more severe types of pelvic disruption (McIntyre et al. 1993). [Pg.190]

The risks associated with blood transfusions and the shortage of available blood have led to increased administration of substitute solutions for volume expansion. Colloids are commonly used and three of the main colloids commonly administered, gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch, and dextran will be discussed. Each one may cause adverse reactions ranging from grade I with skin manifestations to grade IV involving cardiac and/ or respiratory arrest. [Pg.278]

Observational studies The European Medicines Agency s Committee for Medical Products for Human use (CHMP) has reviewed new data from studies that showed an increased risk of tumor progression, venous thromboembolism, and shorter overall survival in patients with cancer who received erythropoietin derivatives compared with patients who did not [80 ]. The CHMP concluded that the benefits of erythropoietin derivatives continue to outweigh their harms in the approved indications. However in patients with cancer and a reasonably long fife-expectancy, the benefit of using erythropoietin derivatives does not outweigh the risk of tumor progression and shorter overall strrvival. The CHMP therefore concluded that in these patients anemia should be corrected with blood transfusions. [Pg.681]

Infection risk A retrospective cohort study looked at the association of plasma transfusion with postoperative infectious complications after oesophageal resection siugery [41 ]. Plasma transfusions were associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection (OR=6.1, 95% C3=l.l-47.8 p=0.05). Interestingly, red blood cell transfusion was not associated with infectious complications. [Pg.487]

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is endemic in Uganda, so researchers evaluated mortality after transfusion of HHV-8 antibody-positive blood [159 J. They identified an increased risk of mortality when HHV-8 seropositive blood stored 4days or less was transfused (aHR 1.92,95% Cl=1.21-3.05). [Pg.495]

In a retrospective study of paediatric recipients of haematopoietic cord stem cells, researchers identified an increased risk of EBV infection despite transfusion with leucoreduced blood products. [Pg.496]

Risks associated with infusion of blood products include transfusion-related reactions, virus transmission (rare), hypocalcemia resulting from added citrate, elevations in serum potassium and phosphorus concentrations from use of stored blood that has hemolyzed, increased blood viscosity from supranormal hematocrit elevations, and hypothermia from failure to appropriately warm solutions before administration. [Pg.163]

Fractionation techniques have made it possible to recover active o -antitrypsin from blood. Use of this product for intravenous replacement therapy in deficient individuals has shown that it is possible to increase levels in the serum to those of PISZ heterozygotes who experience no increase in pulmonary disease over the general population. Pulmonary lavage of patients transfused with this product showed that functional (Xj-antitrypsin reaches the alveolar structures. The Food and Drug Administration has approved weekly administration of purified serum-derived oq-antitrypsin to PIZZ and PI null individuals with pulmonary disease. Although serum levels of oq-antitrypsin increase to those believed to be protective, it has not been possible to show clinical improvement. Furthermore, viral transmission via blood products is a significant risk factor. [Pg.51]

Packed RBC transfusions are indicated to keep hemoglobin levels above 7 to 8 g/dL to maintain adequate oxygen-carrying capacity. Each unit of packed RBCs should increase the hemoglobin level by approximately 1 g/dL unless active blood loss is evident. RBCs should also be filtered to reduce the risk of nonhemolytic, febrile transfusion reactions. Patients who are candidates for bone marrow transplantation should receive blood products that have been irradiated with 2,500 cGy to prevent transfusion-associated GVHD. [Pg.1802]


See other pages where Blood transfusion increased risk is mentioned: [Pg.290]    [Pg.306]    [Pg.171]    [Pg.387]    [Pg.742]    [Pg.1200]    [Pg.197]    [Pg.157]    [Pg.167]    [Pg.398]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.346]    [Pg.2047]    [Pg.443]    [Pg.741]    [Pg.161]    [Pg.739]    [Pg.740]    [Pg.510]    [Pg.440]    [Pg.211]    [Pg.564]    [Pg.565]    [Pg.567]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.204]    [Pg.1013]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.12]    [Pg.118]    [Pg.676]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.1802]    [Pg.487]    [Pg.1824]    [Pg.111]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.672 ]




SEARCH



Blood increasing

Blood transfusion

Risks blood transfusion

Risks increased

Transfusion

© 2024 chempedia.info