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Blood hematopoiesis

The hematopoietic system consists of several organs distributed throughout the body and mainly comprises bone marrow, lymph nodes and lymphoid centers, spleen, and thymus. Its most obvious role is to provide the organism with the cellular constituents of the blood. In comparison with liver parenchymal cells, the life span of the circulating blood cell is relatively short. To maintain the steady state of the blood, hematopoiesis needs to be active even throughout adult life [14, 15]. [Pg.366]

Hematopoietic (blood) cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, contribute to host immunity, and facilitate blood clotting [1], A complex, interrelated, and multistep process, called hematopoiesis, controls the production as well as the development of specific marrow cells from immature precursor cells to functional mature blood cells. This well-regulated process also allows for replacement of cells lost through daily physiologic activities. The proliferation of precursor cells, the maturation of these into mature cells, and the survival of hematopoietic cells require the presence of specific growth factors. [Pg.579]

Hematopoietic Growth Factors. Figure 1 Schema of hematopoiesis, including some of the growth factors that influence the production of blood cells. [Pg.580]

Broudy VC (1997) Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis. Blood 90 1345-1364... [Pg.581]

Jenkins M, Hanley MB, Moreno MB, Wieder E, McCune JM (1998) Human immunodeficiency irus-l infection interrupts thymopoiesis and multilineage hematopoiesis in vivo. Blood 91(8) 2672-2678 Jones KA, Peterlin BM (1994) Control of RNA initiation and elongation at the HIV-1 promoter. Annu Rev Biochem 63 717-743... [Pg.112]

O The acute leukemias are hematologic malignancies of bone marrow precursors characterized by excessive production of immature hematopoietic cells. This proliferation results in a large number of immature cells (blasts) appearing in the peripheral blood and bone marrow causing failure of normal hematopoiesis. [Pg.1397]

O The acute leukemias are diseases of bone marrow resulting from aberrant proliferation of hematopoietic precursors. The hallmark of these malignancies is the leukemic blast cell, a visibly immature and abnormal cell in the peripheral blood that often replaces the bone marrow and interferes with normal hematopoiesis. These blast cells proliferate in the marrow and inhibit normal cellular elements, resulting in anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukemia also may infiltrate other organs, including the liver, spleen, bone, skin, lymph nodes, and central nervous system (CNS). Virtually anywhere there is blood flow, the potential for extramedullary (outside the bone marrow) leukemia exists. [Pg.1397]

Hematopoiesis is defined as the development and maturation of blood cells and their precursors. In utero, hematopoiesis may occur in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. However, after birth, it occurs exclusively in the bone marrow. All blood cells are generated from a common hematopoietic precursor, or stem cell. These stem cells are self-renewing and pluripotent and thus are able to commit to any one of the different lines of maturation that give rise to platelet-producing megakaryocytes, lymphoid, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The myeloid cell line produces monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils, whereas the lymphoid stem cell differentiates to form circulating B and T lymphocytes. In contrast to the ordered development of normal cells, the development of leukemia seems to represent an arrest in differentiation at an early phase in the continuum of stem cell to mature cell.1... [Pg.1399]

Flow cytometric evaluation of bone marrow and peripheral blood to characterize the type of leukemia, as well as to detect specific chromosomal rearrangements. The bone marrow at diagnosis usually is hypercellular, with normal hematopoiesis being replaced by leukemic blasts. The presence of greater than 20% blasts in the bone marrow is diagnostic for AML. [Pg.1401]

Dudek AZ, Nesmelova I, Mayo K, Verfaillie CM, Pitchford S, Slungaard A. Platelet factor 4 promotes adhesion of hematopoietic progenitor cells and binds IL-8 novel mechanisms for modulation of hematopoiesis. Blood 2003 101(12) 4687-4694. [Pg.334]

The cellular elements of the blood have a short life span and must be continuously replaced. The formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, collectively, is referred to as hematopoiesis. This process takes place in the red bone marrow. In adults, red bone marrow is found in the pelvis, ribs, and sternum. [Pg.227]

Jackson, J.D. et al., Interleukin-12 enhances peripheral hematopoiesis in vivo, Blood, 85, 2371, 1995. [Pg.166]

As with the development of other organ systems, the development of the immune system is a highly regulated process. Table 19.1 and Figure 19.1 provide a list of known events or markers that occur during immune system development. In humans, hematopoiesis begins at approximately 3-4 weeks of gestation with the development of blood... [Pg.328]

Rollins-Smith, L.A., and Blair, P., Contribution of ventral blood island mesoderm to hematopoiesis inpostmetamorphic and metamorphosis-inhibited Xenopus laevis, Dev. Biol., 142, 178, 1990. [Pg.398]

Cytokines are produced mainly by the leukocytes (white blood cells). They are potent polypeptide molecules that regulate the immune and inflammation functions, as well as hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) and wound healing. There are two major classes of cytokines (1) lymphokines and monokines and (2) growth factors. [Pg.113]

Liu, Q., Shalaby, F., Jones, J., Bouchard, D., and Dumont, D.J., 1998, The SH2-containing inositol poUphosphate 5-phosphatase, Ship, is expressed during hematopoiesis and spermatogenesis. Blood, 91 2753-2759. [Pg.330]

In addition to erythrocytes, blood contains white blood cells, called leukocytes, of several types, and platelets, also called thrombocytes, which control blood clotting. Hematopoiesis (from the Greek, haimo, for blood, and poiein for to make ) is the process by which the elements of the blood are formed. The marrow of bone contains so-called stem cells which are immature predecessors of these three types of blood cells. Chemicals that are toxic to bone marrow can lead to anemia (decreased levels of erythrocytes), leukopenia (decreased numbers of leukocytes), or thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia, a severe form of poisoning, refers to the reduction in circulatory levels of all three elements of the blood. One or more of these conditions can result from sufficiently intense exposure to chemicals such as benzene, arsenic, the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT), gold, certain drugs, and ionizing radiation. Health consequences can range... [Pg.115]

Drize NJ, Keller JR, Chertkov JL. Local clonal analysis of the hematopoietic system shows that multiple small short living clones maintain life long hematopoiesis in reconstituted mice. Blood. 1996 88 2927 2938. [Pg.53]

Mathioudakis G, Storb R, McSweeney PA et al. Polyclonal hematopoiesis with variable telomere shortening in human long-term allogeneic marrow graft recipients. Blood 2000 96 3991-3994. [Pg.168]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.115 ]




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Hematopoiesis

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