Blood fluidity

Kikuchi. Amelioratory effect of barley tea drinking on blood fluidity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2002 48(2) 165-168. 

N.A. Laetrile, cyanide, beta-carotene, thiamine, ascorbic acid, malic acid, citric acid, oligopeptides, polysaccharide.158-159 Internally for chronic coughs, externally for fungal skin infections, warts, improving blood fluidity, has immunochemical characterization. 

Chuda, Y., H. Ono, M. Ohnishi-Kameyama, K. Matsumoto, T. Nagata, and Y. Kikuchi. 1999. Mumefural, citric acid derivative improving blood fluidity from fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 47 828-831. 

Blood clotting Maintains blood fluidity Clot formation-occlusion... 

It can be said that chitin is most relevant to our health and welfare, because of the very important interactions between human life and chitin-based life 1. To explain the importance of the knowledge of the chemistry of chitin for the biomedical sciences, we could mention the well-known investigation on structure and function of lysozyme carried out with chitin oligomers lysozyme is present in human body fluids as a defence against chitinous organisms on which it exerts hydrolytic action. A further example is the research on heparin and heparinoids heparin is probably the polysaccharide most closely related to chitin that can be found in the human body, where it reacts specifically with blood components to control blood fluidity and coagulation. 

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), also known as hetas-tarch, is most often administered for intravascular volume expansion during the perioperative period and for resuscitation from trauma and shock. Because of its property of increasing blood fluidity, hydroxyethyl starch is sometimes infused to treat patients with disturbed microcirculation. 

The red blood cell must be able to squeeze through some tight spots in the microcirculation during its numerous passages around the body the sinusoids of the spleen are of special importance in this regard. For the red cell to be easily and reversibly deformable, its membrane must be both fluid and flexible it should also preserve its biconcave shape, since this facilitates gas exchange. Membrane lipids help determine membrane fluidity. Attached to the inner aspect of the membrane of the red blood cell are a number of peripheral cytoskeletal proteins (Table 52-6) that play important roles in respect to preserving shape and flexibility these will now be described. 

The fluidity of blood is a result of the inhibition of a complex series of enzymic reactions in the coagulation cascade (see Fig. 10). When triggered either intrinsically (by contact with foreign surfaces ), or extrinsically (by tissue factors from damaged cells), inactive proenzymes (factors XII, XI, IX, and X) are transformed into activated pro-teinases (XHa, XIa, IXa, and Xa, respectively). Each proteinase catalyzes the activation of the following proenzyme in the sequence, up to formation of thrombin (Factor Ha), another proteinase that catalyzes partial... 

The half-life of liposomes administered in the blood stream is affected by the composition, size, charge, and fluidity. Liposomes with a small size or with a rigid lipid bilayer have a longer half-life (38 9). Large liposomes administered iv tend to accumulate at a lymph node near the injected site. This tendency can be useful for preventing metastases. Liposomes which pass through the lymph node have a tendency to accumulate in the RES, such as the liver and spleen (40,41). The disposition of liposomes is altered by the dose of liposomes as well as size or lipid composition of liposomes. Cholesterol rich liposomes are cleared slower due to... 

Osterode W, Holler C, Ulberth F (1996) Nutritional antioxidants, red cell membrane fluidity and blood viscosity in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 13(12) 1044-1050... 

Jung F, Mrowietz C, Kiesewetter H, Wenzel E. (1990). Effect of Ginkgo biloba on fluidity of blood and peripheral microcirculation in volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 40(5) 589-93. 

Note Hemostasis refers to a complex homeostatic mechanism within blood and on blood vessels that serves to maintain the patency of vessels after injury, while preserving the fluidity of blood. 

The saliva of the medicinal leech contains a battery of substances that interfere with the hemostatic mechanisms of the host. One of these compounds is hirudin, a potent anticoagulant, which maintains the fluidity of the ingested blood and is the most potent inhibitor of thrombin. Upon binding to thrombin, the cleavage of fibrinogen and subsequent clot formation are prevented. The potency and specificity of hirudin make it a useful antithrombin-III-independent alternative to heparin for the control of thrombosis. 

The reported effects of surfactants on membrane permeability have been observed by other authors using a different approach. Rege et al. [32] studied the inhibition activity of non-ionic surfactants on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux and the relationship between inhibition and membrane fluidity. Tween 80 and Cremophor inhibited P-gp. These inhibition effects could be related to their effects on membrane fluidity, as these surfactants fluidized cell lipid bilayers. This fluidification mechanism could be related to the increase in membrane polarity that we observed with synthetic surfactants in our experiments and it has been reported by other authors as a possible explanation for the inhibition effects of surfactants on P-gp efflux in the blood-brain barrier [33]. 

Platelets are actively involved in the process of hemostasis, by which any break in the vascular endothelium is rapidly repaired without compromising the fluidity of the blood. In response to injury, platelets adhere to the subendothelial matrix of a damaged vessel, spread over the surface, and recruit additional platelets within a developing platelet aggregate or thrombus. Whereas hemostasis is a normal physiological response to endothelial wound repair, improper regulation or overreactivity of this system can lead to the pathological condition of thrombosis. 

The blood then, being drove out of the heart in an oblique direction against the sides of the aorta, strikes and presses on them in a very acute angle (...) Hence therefore the particles of the blood will every moment receive a different motion, collision, and rotation as also a constant attrition, attenuation, and compactness, with an abrasion or levigation of their angles, and an uniformity or similitude in each particle. From all which will arise that fluidity, heat and colour observable in the whole mass, with that division of its parts fitting them to pass through all the small vessels. 

K being a constant, the fluidity ( ). Bingham does not think the name Hagen-Poiseuille law should be used, since Poiseuille published his first paper on the circulation of blood ten years before Hagen s paper appeared, and worked steadily on the subject, publishing a series of papers until 1847. Newton and Stokes and others antedate Poiseuille and have a greater claim than Hagen. ... 

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