Blends of polyaniline

Conductivity and Thermopower of Blends of Polyaniline with Insulating Polymers... 

CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMOPOWER OF BLENDS OF POLYANILINE WITH INSULATING POLYMERS (PETG AND PMMA)t... 

J. D. Sudha, S. Sivakala, R. Prasanth, V. L. Reena, and P. Radhakrishnan Nair, Development of electromagnetic shielding materials from the conductive blends of polyaniline and polyaniline-clay nanocomposite-EVA Preparation and properties. Compos. Sci. Technol., 69, 358-364 (2009). 

C. R. Martins, M.-A. De Paoli, Antistatic Thermoplastic Blend of Polyaniline and Polystyrene Prepared in a Double-Screw Extruder. Eur. Polym. J. 2005, 41,2867-2873. 

Yang, C.Y., Y. Cao, P. Smith, and A.J. Heeger. 1993. Morphology of conductive, solution-processed blends of polyaniline and poly(methyl methacrylate). Synth Met 53 (3) 293-301. 

Yoon, C.O., M. Reghu, D. Moses, A.J. Heeger, and Y. Cao. 1994. Electrical-transport in conductive blends of polyaniline in poly(methyl methacrylate). Synth Met 63 (l) 47-52. 

Martins, C.R. and De Paoli, M.A. (2005) Antistatic thermoplastic blend of polyaniline and polystyrene prepared in a double-screw extruder. Eur. Polym. J., 41, 2867-2873. 

Zhang, Q.H., Wang, X.H., Chen, D.J., and (ing, X.B. (2004) Electrically conductive, melt-processed ternary blends of polyaniline/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, ethylene/vinyl acetate, and low-density polyethylene./. Pdym. Sci. B, 42, 3750-3758. 

Heeger s research group obtained monofilament conductive fibers from a blend of polyaniline and poly(/ -phenyleneterephthalamide) (Kevlar from DuPont) [88]. The monofilament fibers, with different concentrations of polyaniline, were wet-spun from a solution of the component polymers in sulfuric acid, into a 1 N sulfuric acid solution. In the process, a draw ratio of 7 20 and an extrusion speed of 0.12-0.3mmin enabled the continuous production of bobbins. These were sprayed with deionized water to prevent fiber collapse and to remove the excess of sulfuric acid. The bobbins were immersed in HCl to protonate the polyaniline and dried in a vacuum oven. Pure polyaniline fibers were also wet spun by the same method. The Kevlar fibers become brittle with an increase in the concentration of polyaniline. In general, the mechanical properties of the fibers change proportionally to the concentration of polyaniline. Enhancement of the strain at break occurs at the expense of electrical conductivity. The most significant result from this work was the observation that small amounts of polyamide improved markedly the mechanical properties of polyaniline fibers, while retaining its conductivity (10 S cm ). 

For example, blends and semi-IPN of polypyrrole and EPDM rubber, prepared by calendering, absorb 85% of microwave radiation in the 10-13 GHz range [167]. Surface deposition of polypyrrole onto poly-(vinylchloride) produced composites with microwave absorption properties in the 0.1-20 GHz frequency range [168]. The same authors also studied the shielding characteristics of blends of polyaniline and poly(3-octylthiophene) with polystyrene and with the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. For defense purposes, however, a larger frequency range should be covered, but this only encourages continuation of the research. 

Polyaniline also presents an additional potential advantage because uniaxially oriented blends of polyaniline doped with dode-cylbenzenesulfonic acid or CSA and common bulk polymers such as polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, and poly(vinyl alcohol) display a polarizing efficiency over the range from 400 to 4000 cm that matches, or surpasses, that of commercial wire grid polarizers [211]. These characteristics permit the use of polyaniline simultaneously as a polarizer and as an anode. 

C. -J. Liu, and B. Wessling, Conductivity and thermopower of blends of polyaniline with insulating polymers (PETG and PMMA), Sol. State Commun., 97(57 235 (19%). 

Stockton, W.B. Rubner, M.F., "Electrically Conducting Compatible Blends of Polyaniline/Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone)", p. 257 in Garito, A.F. Jen, A.K-Y. Lee, C. Y-C. Dalton, L.R. (Eds.), Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 328 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA... 

V. Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polyaniline and Blends of Polyaniline with PPTA Processed from Solution in Sulfuric Acid... 

Polyblend fiber composites of polyaniline, doped with dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid, and PE exhibited a conductivity of 2 S cm with 40 wt % polyaniline composition, but the percolation threshold was 10%. Hoiser et al. (2001) also obtained polyaniline/ PE blends with conductivities in the range lO " to lO " S cm and a percolation threshold of 10% [45]. Blends of polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid and ultra high molecular weight PE displayed a percolation threshold of 5% with the conductivity being about 10 S cm [47]. The conductivity of extruded polyaniline/ PE blends increased from 3.38 x 10" to 1.19 x lO " S cm as the polyaniline varied from 5 to 20 wt % [23]. No percolation threshold was observed up to 20 wt % loading as the polyaniline used to prepare the blends was not doped by any added acids, as had been the case in other studies. 

There is a growing body of literature demonstrating antimicrobial capabilities of ICPs like polyaniline [63, 64]. This creates potential for blending ICPs with other matrices to yield blends with antimicrobial properties. Nand et al. (2013) have prepared blends of polyaniline and linear low density PE and evaluated their antimicrobial potential [3]. Following JIS Z 2801 2000 assay, 1x10 colony forming units of Staphlococcus aureus ATCC... 

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