Bleeding procedures

Animals should be fasted for 12 h prior to bleeding but should be provided with water. The rabbit can be restrained in a special box or by wrapping the animal rapidly in a large blanket with 

Rats may be bled conveniently from the tail vein (Shek and Howe, 1982). Other simple methods suitable to obtain small quantities of serum from mice are from the tail-tip and from the retro-orbital plexus (Herbert, 1973). For large animals the jugular vein is convenient. The blood samples are allowed to coagulate for about 2 h at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4°C. The serum is decanted, clarifled by low-speed centrifugation and stored in conveniently sized aliquots at — 20 or — 70°C. 

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Bickhardt, K., D. Btittner, U. Muschen, and H. Plonait. 1983. Influence of bleeding procedure and some environmental conditions on stress-dependent blood constituents of laboratory rats. Laboratory Animals 17 161-165. 

In the previous stage of the reconstruction programme for Units 1 to 4, several technical measures to improve nuclear safety during low power and shutdown conditions were implemented for example, installation of a cold overpressurization device in all units, development of a feed and bleed procedure, and installation of complementary emergency feedwater system located outside the turbine hall were completed. 

Secondary and primary feed and bleed procedure analysis, including hardware improvements ... 

The system is multifunctional. The actuation levels of the pressurizer s main safety valves and the complex of relief - isolation valves are set in such manner, so the last one can serve as a relief control valve. Also feed and bleed procedure can be realized through this complex of valves, if necessary. 

Process Flow The schematic in Fig. 22-56 may imply that the feed rates to the concentrate and diluate compartments are equal. If they are, and the diluate is essentially desalted, the concentrate would leave the process with twice the salt concentration of the feed. A higher ratio is usually desired, so the flow rates of feed for concentrate and feed for diluate can be independently controlled. Since sharply differing flow rates lead to pressure imbalances within the stack, the usual procedure is to recirculate the brine stream using a feed-and-bleed technique This is usually true for ED reversal plants. Some nonreversal plants use slow flow on the brine side avoiding the recirculating pumps.. Diluate production rates are often 10X brine-production rates. 

Hydrocarbon vapor migration within the carbon canister is a significant factoi during the real time diurnal test procedure. The phenomenon occurs after the canister has been partially charged with fuel vapors. Initially the hydrocarbons will reside primarily in the activated carbon that is closest to the fuel vapor source. Over time, the hydrocarbons will diffuse to areas in the carbon bed with lower HC concentration. Premature break through caused by vapor migration for twc different canisters is shown in Fig. 17. The canister with the L/D ratio of 5.0 shows substantially lower bleed emissions than the canister with an L/D ratio of 3.0. 

The patient should avoid salicylates for at least 1 week before any type of major or minor surgery, including dental surgery, because of the possibility of postoperative bleeding. In addition, the patient should not use the salicylates after any type of surgery until complete healing has occurred. The patient may use acetaminophen or an NSAID after surgery or a dental procedure, when relief of mild pain is necessary. 

If surgery or a dental procedure, such as tooth extraction or gum surgery, is anticipated, notify the primary health care provider or dentist. Salicylates may be discontinued 1 week before the procedure because of die possibility of postoperative bleeding. 

Control of superficial bleeding during surgical and dental procedures of the mouth, nose, throat, and skin ... 

The above procedure can be easily modified to account for the case of a small "bleeding rate", i.e., when there is a known (i.e., measured) small withdrawal of cells (much less than what it could be in a chemostat). 

Avoid phlebotomy, arterial puncture, and other invasive procedures during thrombolytic therapy to minimize the risk of bleeding... 

Antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and invasive procedures such as the insertion of a central line or the placement of a nasogastric tube should be avoided for 24 hours after the infusion of alteplase to prevent bleeding complications. Bladder catheterization should also be avoided for 30 minutes post-infusion. 

The main goal of vWF treatment is to prevent bleeding with surgery or dental procedures. Clinicians should evaluate patients every 6 to 12 months for the following ... 

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