Bleaching polyvinyl chloride

INCOMPATIBILITY DS2 is a corrosive material and because of its content, it is incompatible with some metals (e.g., cadmium, tin and zinc) some plastics (e.g., Lexan, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride, Mylar, and acrylic) some paints wool leather oxidizing materials (e.g., Super Tropical Bleach or High Test Hypochlorite) and acids. 

The products of the chlor-alkali process are all useful. Sodium hydroxide is used to make soaps and detergents. It is widely used as a base in many other industrial chemical reactions, as well. The hydrogen produced by the chlor-alkali process is used as a fuel. Chlorine has many uses besides water treatment. For example, chlorine is used as a bleach in the pulp and paper industry. Chlorine is also used in the manufacture of chlorinated organic compounds, such as the common plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 

Sodium hydroxide has many different uses in the chemical industry. Considerable amounts are used in the manufacture of paper and to make sodium hypochlorite for use in disinfectants and bleaches. Chlorine is also used to produce vinyl chloride, the starting material for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and in water purification. Hydrochloric acid may be prepared by the direct reaction of chlorine and hydrogen gas or by the reaction of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid. It is used as a chlorinating agent for metals and organic compounds. 

Chlorine is used to bleach all types of fabric, to disinfect relatively clean impervious surfaces, to purify water, and to control biofouling in cooling systems. It is used in the processing of meat, fish, vegetables, and fruits. It is also used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, pesticides, antifreeze, refrigerants, antiknock compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, polyvinyl chloride, and chlorinated lime. Chlorine is also used in detinning... 

Chlorine is used to produce many commercially important products. Tremendous amounts of it are used in extractive metallurgy and in chlorinating hydrocarbons to produce a variety of compounds (such as polyvinyl chloride, a plastic). Chlorine is present as CI2, NaClO, Ca(C10)2, or Ca(C10)Cl in household bleaches as well as in bleaches for wood pulp and textiles. Under carefully controlled conditions, CI2 is used to kill bacteria in public water supplies. 

The major uses for elemental CI2 are the production of organic and inorganic compounds and bleaches. Some of the more important chlorinated compounds are used as solvents, antifreeze, and plastics (e.g., polyvinyl chloride). 

Most plastics bum cleanly, producing emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and water vapor, but some produce unwanted by-products such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). However, PVC and such other by-products can be safely burned at high temperatures of 980 to 1,650°C (1,800-3,000°F), using controlled oxygen input, sufficient cycle (residence) time, typically i to 2 minutes, and appropriate auxiliary equipment like scrubbers and solid salts. However, most U.S. incinerators operate below 87°C (1,600°F) and use only limited auxiliary equipment. For example, incinerated PVC generates undesirable chlorine (and bleached paper generates much more chlorine). Exhaust scrubber systems must be used to remove this chlorine. 

Hypochlorite bleach source, pine oil, quaternary ammonium chloride Polyethylene glycol, polyacrylate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone Water... 

Bleached cotton linters with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 1,300 were used as the starting cellulose sample. The cellulose was first dried imder vacumn at 40°C. A, A -dimethylacetamide (DMAc) purchased from Katayama Chemicals Co. Ltd. (99+%) was dehydrated with molecular sieve 3A and used without further purification. Lithium chloride (LiCl) powder (Katayama Chemicals Co. Ltd.) was oven-dried at least for 3 days at 105°C. Methylcellulose with a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.6 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a DP of 2,000 were purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. and Katayama Chemicals Co. Ltd., respectively. Cellulose acetate with a DS of 2.45 (L-70) and purified chitin were provided by Daicel Chemicals Co. Ltd. and Katakura Chikkarin, respectively. 

---