Blast manifestation

In addition to the four bands of acid phosphatase isoenzyme activity in normal leukocytes, two other isoenzymes may appear in leukemia. In a case of acute granulocytic leukemia with 100% blast forms, only one electrophoretic band of activity was manifest this migrated between normal band 3 and 4 and was therefore designated 3b. In a case of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis with 98% reticulum cells, only one, and this a strongly staining band, was present this migrated anodically beyond No. 4 and was therefore designated No. 5 (L8). 

Imatinib is relatively well tolerated, but it has some significant adverse effects. Some of the most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, edema, muscle cramps, and rash. The edema is usually characterized by periorbital swelling or lower limb edema but may manifest as pleural effusions, ascites, and pulmonary edema. The fluid retention is often managed with dose reduction, diuretics and other supportive care measures. Imatinib also may be associated with cytopenias (primarily neutropenia and thrombocytopenia). These effects are thought to be dose related and are more common in patients with accelerated phase or blast crisis compared with chronic phase CML. Dose reduction or interruption in imatinib therapy may be considered to manage the cytopenias. 

The vinca alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine, inhibit tumor growth by destroying microtubules which are essential for cell structure and mitosis. They differ in that vinblastine "blasts" bone marrow while vincristine spares marrow. Vincristine however, causes peripheral neuropathy which is manifested by decreased reflexes, foot drop, weak fingers and decreased autonomic function. Another vinca alkaloid, vindesine is being investigated for the treatment of nonsmaU cell lung cancers. Vindesine causes both marrow suppression and neurotoxicity. 

The dangerous potential of two-phase systems (bubbles with combustible gas mixture-i-liquid) to maintain explosive mode propagation is manifest when the system is subjected to a blast wave with a significant amplitude. Thus, the explosion propagates through the water filled with bubbles containing 2H2 + O2 stoichiometric mixture when the system is subjected to a blast load of AF = 50-60 MPa. As this takes place, the bubble volume concentration should not be less than shown in Fig. 5.21. An increase in the liquid viscosity causes a decrease in the blast load that promotes the bubble detonation. A six-time increase in the liquid viscosity in comparison to water, results in nearly twice the decrease in the critical blast pressure. 

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