Bladder physiology

CCK is found in the digestive tract and the central and peripheral nervous systems. In the brain, CCK coexists with DA. In the peripheral nervous system, the two principal physiological actions of CCK are stimulation of gaU. bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion. CCK also stimulates glucose and amino acid transport, protein and DNA synthesis, and pancreatic hormone secretion. In the CNS, CCK induces hypothermia, analgesia, hyperglycemia, stimulation of pituitary hormone release, and a decrease in exploratory behavior. The CCK family of neuropeptides has been impHcated in anxiety and panic disorders, psychoses, satiety, and gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme secretions. 

Changes to the urinary tract in pregnant women predispose them to an increased incidence of bacteriuria, and subsequent urinary tract infections that may follow. These changes are not limited to amino acid and other nutrient concentrations in the urine, but extend to physiologic changes such as reduced bladder tone and dilation of the renal pelvis and ureters.22,23... 

Turner WH, Brading AF 1997 Smooth muscle of the bladder in the normal and the diseased state pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacol Ther 75 77—110 van Breemen C, Chen Q, Laher I 1995 Superficial buffer barrier function of smooth muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Trends Pharmacol Sci 16 98-105 Wray S 1993 Uterine contraction and physiological mechanisms of modulation. Am J Physiol 264 C1-C18... 

Paul We have done both. I showed the muscarinic, hoping that someone would think there was some physiological relevance there. I thought that the KC1 was going to be a control, and would saturate the SR, but it didn t. To be honest, I have not done this in detail in the bladder. 

Hutch, J.A. (1972) Anatomy and Physiology of the Bladder, Trigone, and Urethra, New York Appleton-Century-Crofts, pp. 1-180. 

Cestodes represent a group of organisms which present many features of exceptional physiological interest. They are, for example, almost unique amongst parasites in that the adult worm occupies only one particular habitat, the alimentary canal, in one particular group of animals, the vertebrates. Moreover, the known exceptions to this generalisation occur in sites related to the alimentary canal - the bile duct, the gall bladder or the pancreatic ducts. 

After a 15-min equilibration period at zero volume, variations in intraluminal pressure are recorded in response to continuous infusion of saline at a rate of 2.8 ml/h at 37 °C for 30-40 min by means of a peristaltic pump connected to the polyethylene tubing inserted into the bladder. This infusion rate simulates the maximal hourly diuresis within the physiological range. In each preparation the infusion is continued until micturition occurs. Micturition is referred as the emission of several drops of fluid during a sustained phasic contraction of the detrusor muscle which is followed by return to zero or, in any case, to a value lower than that recorded just before micturition. 

It was found that the bladder tumours occurred at a dietary level of 3 per cent saccharin, a dose high enough to saturate excretion and cause physiological changes in the animals. 

---