Black mustard seeds

Sinapine, CjgHjjOgN, was isolated as a thiocyanate from black mustard seeds (Brassica nigra) by Henry and Garot." Will and Laubenheimer first noted that sinapine occurs in white mustard seed in the form of the alkaloidal glucoside sinalbine, CajH jOuNgSg, which, on hydrolysis by the enzyme myrosin, also present in the seed, furnished dextrose, p-hydroxybenzylthiocarbimide and sinapine sulphate. Owing to its instability sinapine is unknown in the free state. The thiocyanate can be recrystallised from water and converted into the acid sulphate by treatment with sulphuric acid. 

AUyl Isothiocyanate. 3-Isothiocyanato-l -propene isothioeyanic acid allyl ester allyl isosulfocyanate volatile oil ol mustard Redskin. C4HsNS mol wt 99.15. C 48.45%, H 5.08%, N 4.I3%, S 32.34%. CH,—CHCH2NCS. Isolated from ft raw ica nigra (L.) Koch, Cruciferae (black mustard seed), or prepd from allyl iodide and potassium thiocyanate Duliere, J. Pharm. Belg. 2, 981 (1920), C.A. 15, 57 H (1921). 

Sinapine, 2-[[3A4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimelhoxyphen-y()-I -oxo-2 >ropenyi]oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium sinapic acid choline ester. [C 4HMNOJ+ mol wt 310.38. From black mustard seeds, the seeds of Brasska nigra Koch, Cruciferae. Extraction procedure Remsen, Coale. Am. 

In practice the powdered cake of black-mustard seeds, from which the fixed oil has been expressed, is digested with HaO for 34 hours, after which the HaO is distilled as long as any oily matter passes over the oil is collected, dried by contact with calcium chlorid, and redistilled. Essence of mustard may also be obtained synthetically by the action of allyl bromid or iodid upon potassium sulfocyanate, or by the action of allyl iodid upon silver sulfocyanate. 

Several animal studies have demonstrated that black mustard seed may modify glucose regulation. Diabetic persons are advised to discuss the use of this herb with a qualified healthcare practitioner prior to use (Anand et al. 2007,2009 Yadav et al. 2004). 

A decease in serum glucose and increase in serum insulin were observed in diabetic rats orally administered 200 mg/kg black mustard seed daily for 2 months (Anand et al. 

The LD50 of orally administered black mustard seed extract in rats could not be determined at doses up to 3 g/kg (Anand et al. 2009). 

Panch Puran Fenugreek seed, nigella, cumin seed, black mustard seed, fennel seed... 

Volatile oil of black mustard seed consists purely of glucosinolates, and should never be used internally or externally. The oil is classified as severely toxic and irritant to skin and mucous membranes, and the oral LDjo is a very low 0.15 (Tisserand and Balacs 1995). Inhalation of the oil induces severe irritation of the eyes and nasal membranes. Essential oil derived from horseradish root Cochlearia armoracia) is equally toxic. 

Powdered black mustard seed is the form in which foments and other topical medications are traditionally prepared. The Botanical Safety Handbook notes that ingestion of large quantities can produce irritant poisoning however, it can be used safely at appropriate doses. The handbook further advises that external use should not be sustained for longer than two weeks, and is contra-indicated in children under six years of age. Severe burning can occur after 15-30 minutes application of the pure powder, but the potency can be reduced by mixing with a carrier such as cornstarch (McGuffin et al. 1997). 

Behenic. a H yCOOH Ben oil, black mustard-seed oil, rape oil. 

The isothiocyanates contain the -N C S group and are found in several pungent vegetables, particularly, (a) allyl isothiocyanate, produced by the enzymatic action of myrosin on the glycoside sinigrin in black mustard seed (b) benzyl isothiocyanate found in garden cress and (c) phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate, responsible for the sharp pungency of horseradish. 

Sinigrin and analogous glycosides are found throughout the Orucifera. It is commonly isolated from black mustard seeds and from horseradish root. It is believed to contribute to the hot flavor of these materials. 

---