Jetness, Blacks

Tief-schwarz, n. deep black, jet black, -see-schlamm, m. deep-sea ooze. 

The My and hue values are derived from the CIELAB co-ordinate Yn, Xn, Zn and allows a numerical quantification of black jetness. This is only possible with the development of colour measurement equipment that can operate under reflection conditions of less than 1%. (Figure 3). 

BLACK JETNESS RESULTS 5.1 Dispersant Anchor Evaluation... 

A number of application test methods are discussed covering black jetness measurement, aluminium flake alignment and the usefulness of zeta potential is demonstrated in assessing dispersion stability. 

Phloroglucinol is Hsted in the Colourindex as Cl Developer 19. It is particularly valuable in the dyeing of acetate fiber but also has been used as a coupler for azoic colors in viscose, Odon, cotton (qv), rayon, or nylon fibers, or in union fabrics containing these fibers (157). For example, cellulose acetate fabric is treated with an aromatic amine such as (9-dianisidine or a disperse dye such as A-hydroxyphenylazo-2-naphthylamine and the amine diazotizes on the fiber the fabric is then rinsed, freed of excess nitrite, and the azo color is developed in a phloroglucinol bath at pH 5—7. Depending on the diazo precursor used, intense blue to jet-black shades can be obtained with excellent light-, bleach-, and mbfastness. 

Iron Blue. There are three common varieties of iron blue MUoti, Chinese, and Pmssian (they are sometimes caUed toning blues). The three types differ chiefly in color, ease of dispersion, and reactivity characteristics. MUori blues are the easiest to disperse and are the least reactive. They are reddest in mass tone (plum colored) in tints, they ate intense and intermediate in redness between the Chinese and Pmssian varieties. Both the Chinese and Pmssian blues are jet in mass tone, but Pmssian blue is considerably redder and less intense in tint than Chinese blue. Because of their jet mass tones, both are used to shade blacks. Pmssian blues are the hardest to disperse and are somewhat more reactive than Chinese blues. 

Azine Dyes. Azine dyes (qv) include induline and nigrosines. They produce jet blacks unobtainable with carbon black. This was particularly tme of Induline Base in nylon before its manufacture was discontinued because of a carcinogenic impurity (4-aminobiphenyl). The nigrosines are used in ABS, polypropylene, and phenohcs. 

Pech-kiefer,/. pitch pine, -kohle,/. pitch coal jet. -koks, m. coke from pitch or tar. -ol, n. tar oil, oil of tar, -pflaster, n. asphalt paving. -riickstand, m. pitch residue, pechschwarz, a. pitch-black. 

The relative humidity of the atmosphere has a large effect on the magnitude of wear", but in a direction opposite to that which is encountered in normal corrosion problems. The increasing wear towards lower humidities is accompanied by severe pitting of the surfaces and, under extremely dry conditions, the oxide debris produced from steel surfaces is jet black. 

Conversion of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon black by D.C. Plasma Jet... 

When it consists of only silica and water, flint is basically colorless. Impurities within the stone, however, render colored varieties. Thus, much flint is tan, beige, or jet black with a brown homy appearance (the latter color is caused mainly by iron impurities), but there are also gray, pink, and even red varieties. If dark flint is heated to temperatures above 450°C, the outer layer changes to white. Flint that underwent such a heating process is known as burned or calcinated flint, a misnomer probably used because the white surface appears to have changed into lime (Luedtke 1992 Sieveking and Bart 1986). Burned flint is easier to work than is the natural mineral, a property... 

Full color printing is essentially the same as for black and white but requires four steps, one each for the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners needed for full color reproduction.35,36 Consequently, color laser printers and color copiers are significantly more expensive than both monochrome laser printers and especially ink jet printers. Obviously, they are also slower than monochrome laser printers. 

For textile ink jet printing, conventional 2 1 Cr3+/Co3+ azo dye complex blacks are used, such as Cl Reactive Black 8 (S8).46... 

There have also been attempts to obtain a black phthalocyanine dye for ink jet printing. Thus, a patent47 from Nippon Kayaku describes reacting the amino phthalocyanine (59) with acrylic or methacrylic acid to produce the black dyes (60). 

Solvent-soluble metal complex azo black dyes are used in both industrial ink jet printing and hot melt ink jet printing. Cl Solvent Black 35 (61) is a typical dye.48... 

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