Bituminous substances

Minerals (Cant.) Bituminous Substances Bituminous Substances (Conf.) ... 

Asphalt is a bituminous substance that is found in natural deposits or as the residual of in petroleum or coal tar refining processes. It has a black or brownish-black color and pitchy luster. It is cement-like in... 

Table I. Bituminous Substances in Ordovician and Silurian Rocks from Mobile Oil Co. No. 1 long Well, Centre County, Pa.a...

Bituminous Substances. The distribution of hydrocarbons and other bitumens in some of the Paleozoic rocks of the area is shown in Tables I and II, the latter summarized after Swain (7). The presumed saturated hydrocarbons of the Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Devonian samples are measurably less than in the Middle and Upper Devonian samples. The presumed aromatic hydrocarbons are not as well differentiated. The pyridine-plus-methanol-eluted chromatographic fractions, arbitrarily taken as asphaltic material, also appear, like the aromatic fractions, to be controlled more by local variations than by geologic age. 

Table II. Bituminous Substances in Devonian Rocks from Huntingdon County, Pa. (7)...

The heavy, viscous petroleum substances impregnating the tar sands are called asphaltic oils. Other names used to describe these oils include maltha, brea, and chapapote. Asphaltic petroleums are most commonly confused with, but are not related to asphaltites (gilsonite, glance pitch, and grahamite) the asphaltic pyrobitumens (elaterite, wurtzilite, albertite, and impsonite) the native mineral wax (ozokerite) and the pyrogenous distillates of bituminous substances (tar and pitch). 

With yellow ochres, the substance is also tested by heating in a test-tube the emission of empyreumatic vapours (when organic dyes are not present) shows the presence of humous or bituminous substances and acidity of the water which condenses indicates the presence of basic ferric sulphate. 

Like other coatings, excellent surface preparation is necessary to make them free from dust, grease, tar, bituminous substances, laitance and adhering friable particles. Application can be made by brush, roller or by spraying. A coating thickness of up to 1 mm does not cause any flow of material in vertical applications. The use of primer ensures excellent adhesion. Some important applications of silicone coatings are as follows. They can be used as ... 

It is interesting to quote that the oldest known reference in the literature to Brazilian oil shales was made in 1865, by Archer (15) concerning "A new bituminous substance imported under the name of coal from Brazil". Also that in the celebrated series of papers published by Treibs (16), where be defined the organic origin of petroleum, the Brazilian oil shale from Marau was one of the materials he used to show the presence of porphyrins in orga-nites. 

Asphalt Asphaltum mineral pitch Judean pitch bitumen. Bituminous substance resulting from petroleum by evaporation of lighter hydrocarbons and partial oxidation of the residue. Occurs in West Indies (chiefly Trinidad) Venezuela, Dead Sea, Switzerland, etc. 

With drastic variations in sediments, composition as well as types of vanadium complexes vary. Even within a series of samples there is a noticeable variation of the vanadium complexes. For example, as the age or the depth of the fossil remains increases, a transformation of the porphyrin types from philo to etio takes place. This is merely one example of the large variety of reactions and transformations occurring in petroleum as well as other bituminous substances. The study of such effects would reveal much knowledge concerning the migration, maturation, and transformation of a diversity of fossil remains. 

Composition. Chlorinated rubber combination paints contain a second resin as the property-determining binder. The chlorinated rubber is added to an alkyd resin, acrylic resin, or bituminous substances to improve properties such as drying rate, water resistance, or chemical resistance. This application only accounts for a small proportion of the total chlorinated rubber consumption. 

In combinations with bituminous substances the proportion of chlorinated rubber ranges from 1 10 to 10 1. The ratio depends on whether the goal is to improve the bitumen-based coating without any substantial increase in cost, or to reduce the cost of the chlorinated rubber coating. Adhesion is improved but with the disadvantage of darker shades caused by the black bitumen. 

Combinations with Bituminous Substances. Chlorinated rubber can be combined with bitumen and tars but compatibility has to be checked. Addition of chlorinated rubber reduces thermoplasticity, accelerates drying, and prevents cracking of the final coating in adverse weather conditions, without, however, adversely affecting the good adhesion, water resistance, and chemical resistance of the bituminous substance. 

Bituminous coatings reinforced with chlorinated rubber are used in silos, tanning pits, drinking water containers, and on ships hulls (on the underwater part). Bituminous substances for coatings are supplied as special products that are free from carcinogenic constituents. 

Composition. Bitumen paints contain bituminous substances as binders. Bitumen is defined in DIN 55 946 as A low-volatile, darkly-colored mixture of organic substances obtained in the processing of mineral oils and petroleum, whose viscoelastic behavior changes with temperature. The typical properties of bitumen can be attributed to a colloidal system in which the disperse phase (asphaltenes) is stably distributed in a coherent phase of high-boiling oils (maltenes). ... 

Bituminous substances, coal tar and its products, vegetable and mineral oils, paraffin, petrolatum, petroleum, oils, and asphalt are added to soften (for purposes of processing or for final properties). 

ASPHALT. Bituminous substances from petroleum or purified tar. Aluminum alloy piping and tankers have been used for handling asphalt. See also Ref (1) p. 126. (3) p. 221. 

The use of local materials for pavement design has been assessed. Recycling of bituminous substances is one of the relevant solutions. This method has the advantage of reusing budding materials by mixing them with a proportion of refined ones to achieve the required performance (9). 

---