Biotic regulation

The first time the problem of sustainable development was formulated constructively was in the works of Gorshkov (1990), Gorshkov et al. (2000), and Kondratyev et al. (2004b). The theory of biotic regulation is the basis for this constructive... 

Our goal is to analyze future achievements in studies of the GCC and to discuss the problems of raising the accuracy of assessment of the greenhouse effect due to anthropogenic C02 emissions. However, we do not discuss the problem of biotic regulation of the environment closely connected with the GCC problem (Kondratyev et al., 2003b). 

Biotic regulation in atmosphere-land C02 exchange in tropical rainforests that demonstrate a vast biodiversity of species is still poorly studied (Bampfylde et al., 2005). 

Gorshkov V.G. Gorshkov V.V. and Makarieva A.M. (2000). Biotic Regulation of the Environment Key Issues of Global Change. Springer/Praxis, Chichester, U.K., 367 pp. 

It influences the distribution of substances between the aqueous phase and particulate matter, which, in turn, affects their transport through the various reservoirs of the earth. The affinity of the solutes to the surfaces of the "conveyor belt" of the settling inorganic and biotic particles in the ocean (and in lakes) regulate their (relative) residence time, their residual concentrations and their... 

This chapter is organized as follows We first attempt to discuss, in terms of simplified models, how particles carrying functional groups behave in solutions whose variables are known or controlled. This is followed by observations and interpretations on the concentration of trace elements in rivers and how these trace elements are distributed between particulate and dissolved phase. Then, we will consider the regulation of metal ions and of other reactive elements in lakes above all, it will be shown that the interaction of these trace elements with biotic and non-biotic particles and the subsequent settling of these particles will be of utmost importance for their removal from the water/column. Finally considerations will be given to inquire to what extent similar interpretations can be given to oceans. 

A healthy root system functions to absorb water and dissolved chemicals and translocate them to the above-ground tissues. Many crop growth regulators, hormones, and other chemicals crucial to providing biotic and... 

These examples show that despite our extensive knowledge on flavonoid biosynthesis and regulation, we still know little on how development or abiotic/biotic stresses affect pigmentation. 

Thus the causes of life-cycle alterations in Phaeocystis may be under environmental controls, whether abiotic or biotic, and elucidation of these controls will shed light on the fundamental processes that regulate ecosystem organization and biogeochemical flows. Research attempting... 

Most of the work on the individual tolerance concept has focused on organic chemicals. One of the reasons may be that for metals a CBR on a whole body basis has only limited applicability. Due to compartmentalization of metals in the body and the presence of regulation and detoxification mechanisms, it is unlikely that the total body residue is simply related to toxicity (see, e.g., Lock and Janssen 2001 Vijver et al. 2004). The biotic ligand models (BLMs) assume a critical level of metal accumulation at the biotic ligand and do not include a time aspect, although more TD-like approaches have been suggested (Paquin et al. 2002b). 

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