Biotechnology amino acids

Practically motivated, the aim was to develop methods for recovery and determination of amino acids in the context of analytical chemistry and biotechnology. Amino acids are hydrophilic compounds, which therefore are difficult targets for conventional solvent extraction. Extraction to an organic solvent may be enhanced by the addition of lipophilic cationic or anionic extractants, forming extractable complexes with amino acids, or by the use of macrocyclic compounds, which form stable hydrophobic host-guest complexes. The most popular reagents from the latter group are crown... 

Biotechnology amino acid sequencing, analysis of macromolecules... 

I. Kambe in K. Aida and co-eds.. Biotechnology of Amino Acid Production, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1966, pp. 81—89. 

Potential consumer benefits from biotechnology (56) are cost and quaUty. The use of biotech means to increase the level of various sulfur-containing amino acids in coffee proteins, and to enhance sucrose and oil levels, could have an impact on the flavor and aroma of the finished ground coffee product. Also, caffeine level modification/elimination through genetic manipulations of the coffee plant could yield low caffeine coffee without additional processing by the manufacturer. 

Biotechnological processes may be divided into fermentation processes and biotransformations. In a fermentation process, products are formed from components in the fermentation broth, as primary or secondary metabolites, by microorganisms or higher cells. Product examples are amino acids, vitamins, or antibiotics such as penicillin or cephalosporin. In these cases, co-solvents are sometimes used for in situ product extraction. 

Plant Amino Acids Biochemistry and Biotechnology, edited by Bijay K. Singh Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology, edited by Francisco I. Pugnaire and Fernando Valladares... 

Ness, J.E., Kim, S., Gottman, A. etal. (2002) Synthetic shuffling expands functional protein diversity by allowing amino acids to recombine independently. Nature Biotechnology, 20, 1251-1255. 

Hermann, T. (2003) Industrial production of amino acids by coryneform bacteria. Journal of Biotechnology, 104, 155-172. 

Kumagai, H. (2000) Microbial production of amino acids in Japan. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/ Biotechnology, 69, 71-85. 

Oldiges, M., Kunze, M., Degenring, D. et al. (2004) Stimulation, monitoring, and analysis of pathway dynamics by metabolic profiling in the aromatic amino acid pathway. Biotechnology Progress, 20, 1623-1633. 

Barboiu, M., Luca, C., Popescu, G. and Cot, L. (1996) Facilitated transport of L-amino-adds I. New supramolecular complexes of L-amino-acids. Roumaine Biotechnology Letters, 1 (2), 77-86. 

A host of biological compounds (e.g., proteins, amino acids, lipids, fats, fatty acids, DNA, RNA, antibodies, enzymes) have been studied via SERS. The extensive progress in the development of dependable SERS substrates over the past few decades has promoted the application of SERS in the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, as is demonstrated in several... 

ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System, www.expasy.ch) or the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI, www.ncbi.nlm.gov) websites. Both websites provide bioinformatics tools, links to sequence databases and extensive bibliographic resources. As an example of the wealth of information available on individual enzymes, at the time of writing a search based on nitrilase in the Entrez protein section of NCBI will recover more than 10000 references to nitrilase enzyme amino acid sequences. These can be rapidly screened online by organism, and the individual entries will have links to amino acid and gene sequence, relevant literature and information on protein features (such as conserved domains). 

Novatchev, N., and Holzgrabe, U. (2002). Evaluation of amino sugar, low molecular peptide and amino acid impurities of biotechnologically produced amino acids by means of capillary electrophoresis./. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 28, 475—486. 

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