Biosensors nucleic acid analysis

Automation in the Clinical Laboratory Biosensor Design and Fabrication Capillary Electrophoresis in Clinical Chemistry DNA Arrays Preparation and Application Drugs of Abuse, Analysis of Molecular Biological Analyses and Molecular Pathology in Clinical Chemistry Nucleic Acid Analysis in Clinical Chemistry Phosphorescence, Fluorescence, and Chemiluminescence in Clinical Chemistry Product Development for the Clinical Laboratory... 

In the past few years, many reports have described the distinct advantages of luminescent silica nanoparticles over traditional dye molecules [54, 55]. These advantages allow their convenient use as fluorescent probes for applications ranging from biosensors [56, 57] to interfacial interaction studies such as immunoassays [58], multiplexed bio-analysis [59-61], nucleic acid analysis [62] and drug delivery [63] to name but a few (Fig. 6). 

SECM can be applied to imaging and kinetic studies of biological systems. Ground work on enzymes, ion channels, and cellular system has been reported and demonstrates SECM capabilities. To use SECM in diagnostic assays, nucleic acid analysis, biosensor, bioremediation or other biotechnological processes, SECM needs to be applied quantitatively to different biological systems. There is also a need for the development of accessible kinetic theories, the development of controlled substrate methodologies, and the fabrication of smaller well-characterized UMEs that would increase the lateral resolution of SECM. 

The classical methods on DNA detection are time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, wide-scale genetic testing requires the development of fast, inexpensive, and sensitive miniaturized devices. Thus, biosensors offer a promising alternative for faster, cheaper, and simpler detection protocols for nucleic acid analysis. These biosensors commonly rely on the immobilization of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), or an oligonucleotide... 

Dextran hydrogels have been successfully applied in biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance. Carboxymethyl-dextran (CM-dextran) hydrogel was the original sensor surface developed for biomolecular interaction analysis and hence the most extensively studied and versatile. It has been used in a very wide range of interaction analyses including those between proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates [40,41]. 

Assays based on sandwich-hybridization are available in several platforms, such as sequential injection analysis (55), microtiter plate assays (61), and microfluidic devices (62). The LFA biosensor assays described in this chapter rely on the sandwich-hybridization of a nucleic acid sequence based amplified (NASBA) RNA target between a membrane immobilized capture probe and SRB-encapsulating liposome conjugated reporter probe. NASBA uses the enzymes avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (AMV-RT), RNaseH, and T7 DNA dependent RNA polymerase in the presence of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and appropriate primers to amplify relatively few copies of target RNA into... 

DNA damage caused by toxic compounds has been used as a method of detecting these analytes. Nucleic acid-based biosensors, which have potential application for environmental control and toxic compound analysis, have recently been reported... 

We believe that it will also stimulate progress in the systematic development of DNA biosensors and their application as screening tools for drug investigation, as warning systems in rapid chemical toxicity tests, as testing devices in food and water analysis, in the evaluation of effects of antioxidants, and in the investigation of interactions of nucleic acids with other biomacromolecules as proteins. 

Electrochemical Nucleic Acid Biosensors Based on Hybridization Detection for Clinical Analysis... 

The aim of this book is to cover the full scope of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors by emphazing on DNA detection. The material is presented in 16 chapters. Starting with the terminology related to electrochemical DNA-based biosensors in Chapter 1, the researchers active in the fields of biosensor design, molecular biology, and genetics describe types of detection used for analysis (chapters 6, 9, 11, and 13), types of materials used for biosensor design (chapters 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 14), and types of nucleic acid interactions detected (chapters 2, 7,12, and 15). 

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