Bioreactors pilot

FIGURE 41.2 Flow diagram of the membrane bioreactor pilot plant. 

Operational Data of the Membrane Bioreactor Pilot Plant ... 

Escobar J M, Rane K D, Cheryan M (2001), Ethanol production in a membrane bioreactor Pilot-scale trials in a com wet rra]l ,Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 91,283-296. 

Fate and removal of trace metals/metalloids and fluoride from urban wastewater by membrane bioreactors pilot and full-scale experiences... 

Methane has also been used in aerobic bioreactors that are part of a pump-and-treat operation, and toluene and phenol have also been used as co-substrates at the pilot scale (29). Anaerobic reactors have also been developed for treating trichloroethylene. Eor example, Wu and co-workers (30) have developed a successful upflow anaerobic methanogenic bioreactor that converts trichloroethylene and several other halogenated compounds to ethylene. 

Bubble behaviour was studied in the pilot-scale bioreactor so that a complete model of flow, OTR, mixing, cooling, energy requirement and disengagement could be developed for this system and larger production-scale vessels of similar type. 

Frohlich, S., Lotz, M., Korte, T., Lilbbert, A., Schilgerl, K., Seekamp, M., Characterization of a Pilot Plant Airlift Tower Loop Bioreactor II. Evaluation of Global Mixing Properties of the Gas Phase During Yeast Cultivation, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 37 910 (1991a)... 

Operating costs for the biosulfide process are determined by the costs of the carbon and energy source added to the bioreactors, the added nutrients, labor, and power. According to the vendor, the operating costs for pilot-scale, laboratory testing were 0.80/m of treated acid mine drainage (D16057G, pp. 503, 504). 

In July of 1990, the Biotrol methanotrophic bioreactor system was accepted into the EPA s SITE emerging technology program. The Biotrol system was tested at the bench- and pilot-scale levels under the SITE program. One of the objectives of the study was to determine operating costs for parameters that influence the economic competitiveness of the system (D10498D). 

Molasses has been used in slurry-phase bioreactors to encourage the bioremediation of explosives. The costs of this ex situ system were calculated based on the pilot-scale demonstration at the Joliet Army Ammunition Plant in Joliet, Illinois. The projected costs of a full-scale remediation using the slurry-phase treatment system ranged from 290 to 350/yd (D210571, p. 67). 

Liibbert A, Paaschen T, Lapin A. Fluid dynamics in bubble column bioreactors experiments and numerical simulations. Bio technol Bioeng 1996 52 248-258. Johnstone RE, Thring MW. Pilot Plants, Models, and Scale-up Methods in Chemical Engineering. New York McGraw-Hill, 1957 12-26. 

Tremaine et al. (1994) conducted pilot-scale studies to compare the effect of a suspended-growth reactor and a fixed-film bioreactor with a constructed wetland environment in removing creosote-PAHs from contaminated water recovered from a wood-preserving facility. Mass balanced chemical analysis of 5 PAHs used as model constituents of creosote showed that the wetland yielded between 20 and 84% removal, whereas the fixed-film reactor yielded 90 to 99% PAH removal. Biodegradation accounted for >99% of the losses observed in the fixed-film reactor, but only 1-55% of the compounds removed in the artificial wetland was attributable to biodegradation. Again, physical sorption of PAHs, especially HMW PAHs, was found to be significant. 

Kimura, K., Yamato, N., Yamamura, H. and Watanabe, Y. (2005) Membrane fouling in pilot-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating municipal wastewater. Environmental Science e[ Technology, 39, 6293-6299. 

A complete description of the pilot system called CAPHORE (Coaxial Photocatalytic Reactor) was presented previously (Rincon and Pulgarin 2005). The illuminated part of the setup is connected with a nonilluminated bioreactor (Biolafitte). 

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