Bioreactor solid-state fermentation

Keywords. Cellulase production. Solid-state fermentation. Operating conditions, Bioreactor, Mathematical model... 

Gas-solid fluidized-bed bioreactors are actively used to perform solid-state fermentation [74,76]. The particular solid substrate is placed on a porous plate or metal net and sterilized air is blown in under the plate. When the air flow rate is high enough, solid substrate particles will be suspended in the gas phase. Advantages of the fluidized-bed bioreactor include ... 

Araujo AADE, Lepilleur C, Delcourt S, Colavitti P, Roussos S (1997) Laboratory scale bioreactors for study of fungal physiology and metabolism in solid state fermentation system. In Advances in solid state fermentation. Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on solid state fermentation, EEMS-95, Montpellier, France, 27-28 Febmary 1997. Kluwer, The Netherlands, pp 93-111... 

Fig. 1. Comparison of typical solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) systems. A stirred-bed SSF bioreactor of the design of Durand and Chereau [2] is compared with a typical stirred SLF bioreactor. For each bioreactor an expanded view of the microscale is also shown, in order to highlight differences between the micro-structure of the two systems. The relative scales make it clear that mixing is possible on much smaller scales in SLF than in SSF, since in SSF mixing cannot take place at scales smaller than the particle size. Note that particle sizes in SSF are commonly larger than 1 mm...

A solid-state fermentation bioreactor must fulfill one or more of the following functions ... 

Fig. 5. The various bioreactors used in aerobic solid-state fermentations, categorized according to their aeration and mixing characteristics. Note that the drum bioreactors are all cylindrical drums lying horizontally. The bed bioreactors are typically upright cylinders, although they may have other shapes. The air flow in the system is indicated by the dotted lines...

Ashley VM, Mitchell DA, Howes T. (1999). Evaluating strategies for overcoming overheating problems during solid-state fermentation in packed bed bioreactors. Biochem Eng J, 3, 141-150. 

Kalogeiis E, Iniotaki F, Topakas E, Christakopoulos P, Kekos D, Maoris BJ. (2003). Performance of an intermittent agitation rotating drum type bioreactor for solid-state fermentation of wheat straw. Bioresour Technol, 86, 207-213. 

Mitchell DA, Krieger N, Stuart DM, Pandey A. (2000). New developments in solid-state fermentation. II. Rational approaches to the design operation and scale-up of bioreactors. Process Biochem, 3, 1211-1225. 

Vitcosque GL, Fonseca RF, Rodrfguez-Zuniga UF, Neto VB, Couri S, Farinas CS. (2012). Production of biomass-degrading multienzyme complexes under solid-state fermentation of soybean meal using a bioreactor. Enzyme Res, 2012, 248983. 

SmF, submerged fermentation SSF, solid-state fermentation. BR.—Bioreactor F—Flask PBR.—Packed bed reactor. 

Tempeh, a popular fermented food eaten as a meat substitute, is made in a solid-state fermentation bioreactor by cultivating the fungus Rhizopus oUgosporus on cooked soybeans. The fungus binds the soybeans into compact cakes that are fried and packaged to sell to the public. 

In most bioprocessing situations cells and biocatalysts are submerged and suspended in a broth that sustains live cultures and dissolves the chemicals that are being modified by the action of the biocatalyst. Bioreactors for submerged processing are generally quite different from those used in solid-state cultivation. Solid-state fermentations... 

FIGURE 14 Bioreactors for solid-state fermentations (a) static bed fermenter, (b) tunnel fermenter, (c) agitated tank fermenter, (d) rotary drum fermenter. 

A bioreactor is a vessel in which biochemical transformation of reactants occurs by the action of biological agents such as organisms or in vitro cellular components such as enzymes. This type of reactor is widely used in food and fermentation industries, in waste treatment, and in many biomedical facilities. There are two broad categories of bioreactors fermentation and enzyme (cell-free) reactors. Depending on the process requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, solid state, immobilized), numerous subdivisions of this classification are possible (Moo-Young, 1986). 

Rottenbacher, L., Schofiler, M. and Bauer, W., Mathematical modelling of alcoholic fermentation in a gas/solid bioreactor - combined effects of solids mixing and non-steady-state kinetics. Proceedings of the First IFAC Symposium on Modelling and Control of Biotechnological Processes, Noordwijkerhout, 1985b, 151-157. 

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